What is the principle of relativity in physics?
The principle of relativity claims that physical laws will function in the same way in similar conditions, regardless of the position or speed of the observer. The principle of relativity should not be confused with theories of general or special relativity, although these theories use the principle as their foundation. These theories were developed in the 20th century; He understood the principle of relativity much earlier and illustrated Galileo in a famous example known as the "Galile's ship". Einstein's application of the principle of relativity to light has led to its pioneering theories of relativity. At the age of fifteen, Copernicus realized that the Sun was a more likely central body, but this belief was against religious and scientific authorities. They argued that if the Earth was in motion, it would cause effects that the people thought to observe. For example, the building fell from the building would land somewhere from the building, because the planet turned east when the building fell.
Galileo, wrote in 1632, this argument refuted the eloquent thought experiment "Galile's ship". In this example, people traveling smooth sea on a fast ship could not find out whether the ship was in motion or at rest if they were closed in a cabin without windows. Any objects in the cabin, including flying insects, fish in a bowl and thrown ball, would move equally no matter what the external movement of the ship. In other words, their movement would be relative to their environment, not to external factors. The same principle applies to Earth, and therefore people are not deducted by the force of the rotation of the planet.
Sir Isaac Newton, which later worked in the same century, applied principhelidity with other planetary bodies and movement mechanics in general. This helped him create his own theories, which became the basis for most modern science. For centuries, science development has been generally beyond the reassuring idea that there is a stable, unchanging reference point from which all things can be measured. Instead science opIt has shown that there is no "solid" reference point; Everything must be measured as compared to something else.
Even at the beginning of the 20th century, many scientists believed that space was filled with a stable medium called "ether". However, Einstein and other scientists realized that the principle of relativity applies to all physical laws, leading to famous theories of relativity. The essence of these theories is that matter, energy, time and even space itself are not constants, but can change in the right conditions. The speed of light, Einstein realized, was the only universal constant that might be used to measure and confirm these theories. The classic model of the Galileo was sometimes applied to spacecraft to illustrate the principle in which the movement of the object in space can only be measured in relation to other objects.