What Are Iris Biometrics?

The iris recognition technology is based on the iris in the eyes for identification, and is applied to security equipment (such as access control, etc.), and places with high security requirements.

Iris recognition technology

Iris recognition technology is based on the iris in the eye for identification and is used in security equipment (such as

Iris recognition is to determine the identity of people by comparing the similarity between the iris image features. The process of iris recognition technology generally includes the following four steps:

1. Iris image acquisition

Use specific camera equipment to shoot the entire eye of a person, and transmit the captured image to the image preprocessing software of the iris recognition system.

2. Image preprocessing

The acquired iris image is processed as follows to meet the needs of extracting iris features.

Iris positioning: Determine the position of the inner circle, outer circle, and quadratic curve in the image. Among them, the inner circle is the boundary between the iris and the pupil, the outer circle is the boundary between the iris and the sclera, and the quadratic curve is the boundary between the iris and the upper and lower eyelids.

Normalize the iris image: adjust the size of the iris in the image to a fixed size set by the recognition system.

Image enhancement: For normalized images, brightness, contrast, and smoothness are processed to improve the recognition rate of iris information in the image.

3 Feature extraction

A specific algorithm is used to extract the feature points needed for iris recognition from the iris image and encode them.

4 Feature matching

The feature code obtained by feature extraction is matched with the iris image feature code in the database one by one to determine whether it is the same iris, thereby achieving the purpose of identity recognition.

Dating back to the 1880s. In 1885, ALPHONSEBERTILLON applied the idea of using biometrics to identify individuals in criminal prisons in Paris. The biometrics used at the time included: ear size, foot length, iris, etc.

In 1987, the ophthalmologists ARAN SAFIR and LEONARDFLOM first proposed the concept of automatic iris recognition using iris images. By 1991, JOHNSON of Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States had implemented an automatic iris recognition system.

In 1993, JOHNDAUGMAN implemented a high-performance automatic iris recognition prototype system. Today, most automatic iris recognition systems use the DAUGMAN core algorithm.

The iris is a ring-shaped portion between the black pupil of the eye and the white sclera. It generally shows a radial structure from the inside to the outside. It is composed of quite complex fibrous tissue, and contains many interlaced spots and filaments. , Coronal, stripes, crypts and other detailed characteristics, these characteristics are determined in a random combination before birth, once formed throughout life. The accuracy of iris recognition is the highest among various biometrics.

·collection

From an iris with a diameter of 11mm, Dr. Daugman's algorithm uses 3.4 bytes of data to represent iris information per square millimeter. In this way, an iris has about 266 quantified feature points, while general biometrics only have 13 60 feature points. The iris recognition algorithm with 266 quantified feature points has been described in many iris recognition technical materials. When the algorithm and human eye features allow, Dr. Daugman pointed out that 173 binary degrees of freedom can be obtained through his algorithm. Feature points. In biometric technology, the number of this feature point is quite large.

·algorithm:

The first step is to locate the iris with a precision camera 3 inches from the eye. When the camera is aimed at the eye, the algorithm gradually focuses the focus on the left and right sides of the iris to determine the outer edge of the iris. This horizontal method is hindered by the eyelid. The algorithm simultaneously focuses the focal length on the inner edge of the iris (ie, the pupil) and excludes the effects of eye fluid and fine tissue. Monochrome cameras use visible light and infrared light, and the infrared light is positioned in the range of 700-900mm (this is the low limit of IR technology, and the American Academy of Ophthalmology uses the same range in their research on macularcysts.) Above the iris, the algorithm passes through The method of Gabor wavelet to subdivide and reorganize the iris image. The first subdivided part is called phasor. To understand the principle of two-dimensional gabor wavelet requires deep mathematical knowledge.

·Accuracy:

Iris recognition technology is the most accurate biometric technology. It is described as follows: The probability of 75% matching information between two different iris information is 1: 106, etc. Error rate: 1: 1200000 Two different irises produce the same iris code. The probability is 1: 1052.

· Entry and identification:

The positioning of the iris can be completed within 1 second, and the time for generating the iris code is only 1 second, and the retrieval time of the database is also quite fast. Processor speed is a bottleneck for large-scale retrieval. In addition, the performance of the network and hardware devices also restricts the retrieval speed. Because iris recognition technology uses monochrome imaging technology, it is difficult for some images to separate it from the pupil image. But the algorithm used by iris recognition technology allows the image quality to change to some extent. The iris code produced by the same iris also has a 25% change, which sounds like a fatal weakness of this technology, but in the recognition process, the change of this iris code only accounts for 10% of the entire iris code, which accounts for The proportion of code is quite small.

Foreign application of iris recognition technology :

Both the Kennedy International Airport in New Jersey, USA and the Albany International Airport in New York have installed iris recognition devices for staff security checks. Only through the iris recognition system can they enter restricted places such as apron and baggage claim. Frankfurt Airport in Berlin, Germany, Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands, and Narita Airport in Japan have also installed iris immigration management systems for passenger clearance.

On January 30, 2006, a school in New Jersey, the United States installed an iris recognition device on the campus for security control. Students and employees of the school no longer use any form of card and ID. As long as they pass before the iris camera, they Location, the identity is recognized by the system, all outsiders must log in the iris information to enter the campus. At the same time, access to this area of activity is controlled through a central login and authority control system. After the system was installed, various campus violations, violations, and criminal activities on the campus were greatly reduced, which greatly reduced the difficulty of campus management.

In Afghanistan, the United Nations (UN) and the United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR) use an iris recognition system to identify refugees to prevent the same refugee from receiving relief supplies multiple times. The same system is used in refugee camps in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In total, more than 2 million refugees have used the iris recognition system, which has played a key role in the distribution of humanitarian aid by the United Nations supplies.

The UAE has started iris registration of deported foreigners since October 2002. By using the iris recognition system at airports and some border checks, it prevents all foreigners deported from the UAE from re-entering the UAE. The system not only prevents deportees from re-entering the country, but also prevents people who are undergoing judicial inspection in the UAE from falsifying their documents and leaving the country to escape legal sanctions without authorization.

In November 2002, the baby room at the municipal hospital in Bad Reichenhall, Bavaria, Germany installed an iris recognition system to ensure the safety of the baby. This is the first application of iris recognition technology in infant protection. This security system only allows the mother, nurse or doctor of the baby to enter. Once the baby is discharged, the mother's iris code data is deleted from the system and is no longer allowed to enter.

The health care systems in Washington, Pennsyvania and Alabama are based on iris recognition systems. The system guarantees that patient medical records cannot be viewed without authorization. HIPPA uses a similar system to ensure the privacy and security of personal information.

In 2004, the Cloud Nine penthouse suite and staff corridor at the Kineton Hotel Group's Nine Zero hotel in Boston installed the LG IrisAccess 3000 iris reader.

An iris recognition system is used in the gym of the Equinox Fitness club in Manhattan, where VIP members of the club enter exclusive areas equipped with new equipment and the best coaches.

The iris recognition system developed by the American Iriscan has been applied in the sales department of the United Bank of Texas, and the depositor handles banking business. As long as the camera scans the user's eyes, the user's identity can be verified.

China's second-generation ID cards have reserved space for biometrics such as iris and fingerprints. As early as April 10, 2004, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has required 188 member states to embed IC chips containing specific biological information such as certificate holder information, iris, fingerprints, etc. in electronic passports.

Due to the existence of terrorist attacks, security precautions have always been the focus of previous Olympic Games. Iris recognition technology is also being increasingly used in Olympic security with its unique advantages. For example, during the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics in Japan, the iris recognition system was used to control the entry of athletes and government officials into the Olympic Village, and the iris recognition technology was used to safely manage firearms in shooting events. At the 2004 Athens Olympics, the Athens Olympic Organizing Committee launched a biometric identification system including iris recognition. It uses a full set of biometrics to identify body organs such as faces, eyes, and fingerprints, and voices, gaits, and handwriting Technology to confirm the identity of a person, all people entering and leaving the airport, customs, train stations, Olympic venues are automatically identified by cameras.

Domestic application of iris recognition technology :

Hubei Finance Treasury Funds Transfer Management System

Jiangsu adopts iris recognition to strengthen rural loan management

China Construction Bank

Bank of China adopts cd secure transmission system

Shaanxi Yumu Shenzhanta Coal Mine

Adopted by Inner Mongolia Hengtai Coal Industry

Pingyao Coal Chemical Group Co., Ltd.

Hot water coal mine of Qinghai Qinghai Coal Industry Co., Ltd.

Lingdong Coal Mine in Zhalunor Mining Area, Inner Mongolia

Heilongjiang Longmei Group

Inner Mongolia Wuhai Henshi Mining Group

Hezhang Tengda Coal Mine in Bijie, Guizhou

Xinjiang Shenhua Group Aweiergou 2130 Coal Mine

New Third Mine of Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group

SDIC Xiyang Energy Co., Ltd.

Chongqing Second Detention Center Iris Access Control Project

Liaoning Fu Mine Group

Xinjiang Xishan Coal Mine Iris Recognition Safety Management Monitoring Platform

Jilin Tongliao Prison Gate Iris Recognition Access Control System

Longmei Group Shuangyashan Branch

Tianjin Binhai (Tanggu) Passenger Terminal Project

Letter Office of a High Court in Beijing