What are quantum numbers?

There are four quantum numbers in the prevailing the theoretical model of the atom that describe the behavior of electrons. These include the main, azimutal, magnetic and rotary quantum numbers. These four numbers are giving the electron quantum status together. Quantum status is a set of mathematical information needed to fully describe a certain system of matter and energy such as atom. According to Pauli's exclusion of quantum drives, no two electrons can share the same four quantum numbers.

The first quantum numbers are called the main quantum number. This number, which can be any positive integer starting with 1, refers to the distance of the electron orbit from the atomic core. However, unlike planetary orbit, electrons are not free at any distance. Rather, they are limited to orbit at a discrete energy level or quata - the central principle of quantum mechanics. As with planetary pathways, on the other hand, electrons orbiting the core have higher kinetic energyII.

Azimutal quantum number means angular momentum of the atomic electrons orbital. This number tells something about the shape of the electron orbit around the core. Electrons can orbit in more or less spherical swings around the core or show more complex behavior. However, the idea of ​​electron as a solid particle orbiting core is not correct. The principle of uncertainty quantum mechanics states that the position of electron is basically a question of probability.

Construction on other quantum numbers, the magnetic quantum number tells something about the orbital orbital of the electrons in space. This feature was first discovered when scientists exposed magnetic field gases and then observed the way they interact with light. The magnetic -volume number is also related to the energy levels of the atomic orbital.

Finally, the quantum number of the spin specifies one of the two spindle states of the electron. YetWhat the main and azimutal quantum numbers distinguish between the different orbital electron positions, the quantum number can distinguish between two electrons in an otherwise identical quantum state. If two electrons in the same atom have the same three previous quantum numbers, their quantum numbers must be different. Electron rotation is not exactly the same feeling of "rotation" that is commonly thought about, but it is one degree of freedom for electron. Can take one of two possible values: -1/2 or +1/2.