What are Some Unsolved Problems in Cosmology?

This entry lists some important but unresolved physical issues . These include theoretical ones, that is, current theories fail to give satisfactory explanations of observed physical phenomena or experimental results; and experimental ones, that is, experiments that can thoroughly test an advanced theory or in-depth study of a certain physical phenomenon. It is difficult to build or complete on site.

Unsolved physics problem

Right!

This entry lists some important but unresolved

The basic theoretical problems or theoretical ideas listed here lack experimental proof. There may be a strong correlation between these issues. E.g,

Elementary particle interaction

• The Higgs Boson (2013)

• The Higgs boson is a kind of zero boson predicted by the standard model, which can explain the mass of everything in the universe. The European Nuclear Research Organization officially announced the discovery of this particle on March 14, 2013. It is the last particle found in the standard model.

• Pioneer number exception (2012)

• Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 are two spacecraft launched by NASA in 1972 and 1973, respectively, and have now fled the solar system. After about 20 astronomical units from the sun, the observed accelerations of the two spacecrafts differed from the predictions by approximately (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10 m / s. Physicists now believe that this is because the effects of thermal recoil force have not been previously included in calculations

• Prolonged Gamma Ray Burst (2003)

• Long-term gamma-ray bursts are classified as gamma-ray bursts that are longer than 2 seconds. These bursts are related to the death of massive stars. The death process of such stars is similar to supernova events, and is often called very supernova.

• Solar neutrino problem (2002)

• This problem refers to the difference between the number of measured solar neutrinos passing through the earth and theoretical calculations. From the research results of neutrino physics, physicists modified the standard model of particle physics and proposed the concept of neutrino oscillation, which requires that neutrinos have mass and can be used in electric neutrinos, neutrinos, and The neutrinos, these three kinds of neutrinos transform each other. Thanks to these new theories, this question has been answered.

• Age crisis (1990s)

• Around the mid-1990s, physicists estimated that the universe was three to eight billion years younger than the earliest stars in the Milky Way. This means that the Hubble constant is incorrectly estimated, or the Big Bang theory is incorrect, or dark energy such as cosmological constants is required. Later, a more accurate estimation of the distance of stars has reduced the age of stars by several billion years, and the argument that the universe is accelerating and expanding has finally been confirmed by astronomical experiments. Because of these advances, the age crisis no longer holds.

• Quasar (1980s)

• This is a very bright, very distant, red-shifted star. It was first discovered in the late 1950s. For many years, physicists did not know the physical model of quasars. Later, more and more evidence shows that the quasar is actually an active galaxy nucleus, with a supermassive black hole at its core, and nearby matter keeps falling into the black hole, forming huge energy radiation and material jets outward. ejection. This theory is now accepted by the academic community. ^[1]