What Are the Different Types of Archaeology Tools?

Archeology represents the community observed in ancient remains, especially in primitive societies.

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As one of the ancient civilizations in the world, scholars have long noticed the important value of conducting ancient site investigations and research on ancient relics. produced in

Archeology is a discipline that studies how to find and acquire the physical relics of ancient human society, and how to study human history based on these relics. The term "archaeology" in modern China may have been translated from the western term Archaeology. The term Archaeology is derived from Greek and means "to study the science of ancient times". In the 17th and 18th centuries, it generally refers to the study of antiquities and monuments with artistic value. It was only in the 19th century that it generally referred to the study of all antiquities.

The term archeology has three main meanings: 1. It refers to historical knowledge obtained from archeological research, and can sometimes be extended to a book describing this knowledge; 2. Archaeological methods and techniques to obtain this knowledge, including collection and preservation Materials, methods of reviewing and verifying materials, methods of organizing and organizing materials; 3. Theoretical research and interpretation, used to clarify the causal relationships contained in various archeological materials, and to demonstrate the existence of historical development in ancient society law.

Spatial range:

In principle: all parts of the world are generally limited to places where ancient humans lived and moved.

Archeology is

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chinese archaeology has entered a new period of development. The government issued a decree on the protection of ancient cultural relics and restored

Epilithology in ancient China

The term "golden stone" first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty

Establishment of management, scientific research, and teaching systems

When the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949,

Application of dating technology

1946, United States

Archeologyliterally, the science of studying ancient people. It is generally believed that the term was first used by Jacob Spoor in 1674. He was a German physicist, traveler, and scholar in the 17th century.

Anthropology-the science of studying humans. Sometimes it intersects with archeology and paleontology (the study of fossils of animals and plants), especially when studying early human remains.

ArtifactsArtifacts made, used or useful to humans, such as stone tools. For centuries, people have taken away relics without records, which has caused huge losses to archeology.

ClosureAn artificial mound built on the ground of ancient tombs, that is, Otsuka.

BP-This year, replace the traditional BC (BC) and AD (post-AD). The benefit is that it makes the age of all cultures and religions more intuitive. In order to standardize the date, 1950 was designated the archeological "now".

Radiocarbon dating-a technique for measuring the decay ratio of radioisotopes that can date organic materials within 50,000 years. The thermoluminescence dating technology can be used to date the pottery, reheat the object, and then measure the light to determine the initial heating time of the clay object.

Remains of rice cropsThe buried features are invisible from the ground, such as walls. Only by looking down at high altitudes can we find the markings of different colors in the rice. This phenomenon was discovered and described by William Kant at the disappeared Roman Port of Kent in 1586, and it is still widely used today. Corn is generally used to replace rice. When the corn grows, you will find staggered and interconnected roads (where the road passes, the corn is more rare). They call this intersection the South Augustin intersection.

CuneiformOne of the oldest forms of writing, named after the letter's shape resembles a wedge, and is usually carved with thorns on wet clay.

Tree ring chronology-Calculate tree annual rings (one additional round per year) for tree chronology. She can also provide climate evidence, as climate can affect the width and width of several rounds. This technique was first used in archeology in the 1920s, when dating Indian American villages.

Excavation-usually indicates the discovery of site material, fully removing the surface and recording strata or exploring trenches to reveal the accumulation, fully excavating without leaving anything behind. Wheeler once said, "I'm an archeologist, a destroyer of the past."

Field archeology-literally, including archeology working in the field, although new applications of science and technology free archaeologists from having to participate in the excavation, they do not have to touch their hands with a bit of dirt. The corresponding concepts are indoor archeology (mainly used to validate application plans) and computer archeology. This study of the site relied mainly on existing documents, maps, census data, tax inventory, church data, survey data and previous excavation reports. Historical archeology is the study of written history.

Hieroglyphssymbols of words. Hieroglyphs use pictures to represent thoughts or words, such as those used in ancient Egypt.

Funeral items-items buried with a human body. To archeologists, it is a very valuable custom.

Burial style-the burial posture. Such as straight body burial, bent limb burial and so on.

Funeral customs-the process of burial. Like cremation, burn the body with fire.

Megalithic cultureliterally, monumental objects made of huge stones, such as ring-shaped columns.

Prehistoric-usually means "very ancient". Precisely, it means before it was documented.

Pottery or porcelain, a part of broken ceramics, seems to have no meaning. In fact, it has a very important role in determining the chronological sequence.

Rescue archeological excavation (clean-up with work)-a site that is being developed for rescue purposes to obtain as much information as possible before it is destroyed.

Relative age-One thing is derived by comparing it with another. You don't need to give the exact age, but the absolute age must have the exact age.

Archeological stratigraphy-the study of the level of deposits. Inspired by geostratigraphy. It is generally believed that the deeper the burial, the longer the age. Long before 1859, before the publication of Darwin's "The Origin of Species," some scholars have inferred from stratigraphy that the age of many deposits is earlier than the age of God's Genesis in the traditional Bible-4004 BC Much more.

Archeological typologymethodology of scientific induction and research on the collected physical data. Inspired by taxonomy. The doctrine was formally founded by Swedish archaeologist Montrius (1843 ~ 1921), "Prehistoric Archaeology Methodology" published in 1903.

The third issuethe theory of dividing history into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. This division is feasible in Europe, but it is problematic for some other parts of the world, because some areas are still in Stone Age culture. The original author of the trichotomy was Kristian J. Thomson, who made this statement in 1819 when he organized his exhibits at the Copenhagen Museum.