What is a bacterial genome?
Bacterial genome is a collection of all genetic information of bacteria. In principle, it determines how the bacteria looks and works, externally and internally. This genetic information is organized in genes that are coded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) deoxyribonucleic. These genes are further organized into chromosomes. In fact, the word "genome" is in fact a combination of words "gene" and "chromosome". Although there are many different variations as the genomes are structured in different organisms, all bacteria are haploid, which means they have only one chromosome. All genetic information contained in the bacterial genome is therefore contained in a single chromosome.
Chromosome bacteria is composed of pairs of nucleotides, basic structural components of DNA. There are only four nucleotides in DNA - adenin, thymin, guanine and cytosine. These nucleotides are always connected in the same way - adenin bonds with thymin and guanine bonds with cytosine. All four together form what is called "BakteRial Genomes Based ". Some bacterial genomes contain less than 200,000 pairs of bases, while others contain more than 12 million pairs of bases. genes.
It is interesting that most bacterial genomes are organized in a circular chromosomal structure. On the other hand, people have a linear chromosomal structure. However, the circular structure of the bacterial genome allows its replication of DNA to start and stop in the same place - an element that was not seen in the linear genomes of other organisms.
As organisms that reproduce asexalayly bacteria are essentially clones with the same DNA with the genome of their parents. Changes in the genome of bacteria, also known as evolution, may be broughtNY either by genetic recombricient or mutations. Mutations may occur either by errors made in DNA replication or by exposing mutagens that affect how nucleotides interact with each other. Bacteria can also replace and recruit genetic information through separate processes known either as transformation, transduction or conjugation, depending on how genetic exchange occurs. Changes in the genome of bacteria can result in the formation of a new species.
DNA sequencing is to determine the order of nucleotides in the DNA organism. This information was a key part of biological research. The first bacterial genome to be fully sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae genome, which can cause many opportunistic diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis and respiratory infection. IT was successfully sequential in 1995 by an institute for genomic research. Hundreds of bacterial genomes have been seized from this breakthrough and scientists continue to explore and sequences of genomes of other bacterErii.