What is the genomic microarray?
6 In living organisms, the gene is expressed when the DNA of this gene is decoded by a number of processes into a protein that serves a specific function in the cell. By measuring the levels of gene expression in a given sample, scientists can find out which genes are the most active. Microchip technology is mainly used in medicine for learning about genetic aspects of diseases such as cancer.
When the gene is expressed in the body, DNA decodes into a protein by a series of steps. The segments of the gene are rewritten to the messenger ribonucleic acid (MRNA), the only cut molecule, which is complementary to one spring of the original DNA molecule. This MRNA carries genetic information from the cell nucleus to the site of the protein synthesis. Genome Microarray Reveals, which generate genes most MRNA - and in the extension that generates genes at the highest level of expression.
Genome microcal is a glass or silicon chip with a series of microscopic dots DNA connected to its surface. The specific sequences of DNA, called the probe, are youGates based on genes that scientists want to study. The microray of the whole genome contains sequences from the whole genome, while the focused microchip contains DNA only from certain genes.
In disease research, micro -pureness would be used as follows. First, a sample of healthy tissue and sick tissue would be taken from the subject. MRNA from both samples would be insulated by a number of chemical techniques. Each sample would be combined with a different solution of signs composed of subunits known as nucleotides, modified to include fluorescence that would creep the molecule of MRNA and create fluorescent complementary DNA (CDNA). For example, a patient can be marked with red fluorescence and a healthy sample with green fluorescence.
When each sample is flushed to the genome microchip, some CDNA from hybridization of samples or binding with DNA on the chip. This causes different colors and interest to appearoutside fluorescence. For example, if a high -end gene was in the sample, it would create many mrna that would appear on the microchip as a strong fluorescent color. By merging data on the visual sample by the scanner, scientists can determine whether a particular gene is expressed more in sick tissue or in healthy tissue.
In the above example, the green dot would indicate that the gene was expressed more in healthy tissue, because the dominance of green fluorescence suggests that a healthy sample MRNA was more numerous than unhealthy. The red dot suggests that the Thgene E gene produced more MRNA in sick tissue and was more active under the conditions of the disease. Yellow dots would mean that the gene is expressed equally in healthy and sick tissue. Scientists can use this information to determine which genes are more active in a sick cell and how such changes affect other genes in the cell. Genome microchips can be used not only to research and diagnose diseases such as cancer and heart disease, but also to treat them Pby rising targeted therapy.