What Is a Monomer?

Monomer (momer) is a collective name for small molecules that can polymerize with the same or other molecules. It is a simple compound that can form a polymer compound such as a polymerization reaction or a polycondensation reaction. It is a low-molecular raw material for synthetic polymers.

monomer

Monomer (momer) is capable of polymerizing with the same or other molecules

Monomer: Generally unsaturated, cyclic, or containing two or more

Monosomic refers genetically to an individual in which a single chromosome is deleted from a pair of chromosomes that control the same trait. A diploid organism is an individual that has only one pair of homologous chromosomes instead of two. 2n-1 is often used to represent it. In nature, monomorphism is characteristic of the sex of certain animals. For example, locusts, pupae and other insects are females of type XX (ie 2n) and males of type XO (ie 2n-1); some Lepidoptera insects and birds have males of type ZZ (ie 2n) and females of ZW Type or ZO type; if it is ZO type, it is also 2n-1. The monomers of most animals and plants cannot survive. In humans, (45, XO) is a sex chromosome monomer, although it can live, it shows female chromosomal abnormalities, known as Turner's syndrome (short stature, primary amenorrhea, sexual naiveness) , Webbed neck, low back hairline, wide breast distance, elbow eversion, etc.). In fruit flies, a type of "haplo-IV" has been found. This individual lacks a fourth chromosome. They can survive, but the reproduction rate is very low, and the traits also vary, such as large and rough eyes. , Wings are blunt and slightly spread out, body color is lighter and so on. Some people think that the "monomer IV fruit fly" can survive because the fourth chromosome (spot-shaped) is small and there are not many genes on it. The lack of such a chromosome has little effect on the body. In plants, only heteropolyploid monomers have certain vigor and fertility. For example, tobacco (2n = 4x = TTSS = 48) was the first plant to isolate a full set of 24 different monomers. Tobacco monomers and normal diploids, and between different chromosomes, have different degrees of plant size, leaf shape and green concentration, calyx and corolla size, and capsule size. difference. Another example is wheat (2n = 6x = AABBDD = 42). 21 different chromosomes have been isolated. There are also differences in traits between the monomers and normal diploids, and between different monomers, but the differences are extremely small. Generally rely on cytological identification. Cytogenetics research

Useful "tools" for research. The use of monomers can locate newly discovered recessive genes on specific chromosomes. The method is to cross the newly discovered recessive mutant homozygote with wild type lacking different chromosomes one by one. If the offspring have a newly discovered recessive trait mutant, and the ratio of this mutant to the wild type is 1: 1, it means that this newly discovered recessive gene is exactly on the missing chromosome. For example, a fruit fly homozygous with the recessive gene ey (eyeless) is crossed with a "monomer IV fruit fly" of a wild-type normal eye. The offspring is exactly the number of wild-type: eyeless number = 1: 1. This proves that the ey gene is on the fourth chromosome of the fruit fly, for the reason shown in the figure.