What Is a Positive Charge?
The electric charge of a glass rod rubbed with silk is called a positive charge. Protons are positive charges, and positive charges are not necessarily protons. The corresponding electrons are negative charges. Most things are electrically neutral. They come from atoms, and atoms from electrons and nuclei (neutrons and protons).
- Chinese name
- positive charge
- Foreign name
- positivecharge
- Concept
- Charge on a glass rod rubbed with silk
- same type
- Negative charge
- Subject
- physical
- The electric charge of a glass rod rubbed with silk is called a positive charge. Protons are positive charges, and positive charges are not necessarily protons. The corresponding electrons are negative charges. Most things are electrically neutral. They come from atoms, and atoms from electrons and nuclei (neutrons and protons).
Positive charge meaning
- Positive charge
- Positive charge [1]
- Conversely, we call the electric charge of the rubber rod rubbed by the fur a negative charge.
- Charge is one of the three "states" of matter: charge state, mass state, and energy state. Charge is the result of the interaction and transformation of energy state of matter and mass. It is one of the subjects of the basic interaction of matter.
- The law of interaction between charges: the same kind of charges repel each other, and the different kinds of charges attract each other.
- The difference between positive and negative charges: The substance that loses electrons is positively charged, and the substance that gains electrons is negatively charged.
- Positively charged atomic nuclei only vibrate in place in the condensed state, and negatively charged electrons can move freely.
- The direction in which the positive charge is directed is the direction of the current.
- Negative charges are electrons (electrons are negatively charged) that can move, while positive charges are actually immovable protons.
Positive charge history
- Around 600 BC, the Greek philosopher Thales (640-546B.C.) Recorded that after rubbing cat hair with amber, amber will attract light objects such as feathers. If the friction time is long enough, even There will be sparks.
- In 1600, British doctor William Gilbert did a very careful study of electromagnetic phenomena. He pointed out that amber is not the only substance that can generate static electricity through friction, and distinguishes between electrical and magnetic properties. He wrote the first scientific work on electricity and magnetism, On Magnets. Gilbert coined the new Latin term "electricus" (similar to amber, from "", "elektron", Greek "amber"), meaning the property of attracting small objects after friction. This connection gives the English words "electric" and "electricity", which first appeared in 1646. Thomas Browne's work "Pseudodoxia Epidemica" (English title "Enquries into very many received tenets and commonly presumed truths ") Then, in 1660, scientist Otto von Glick invented what might be the first electrostatic generator in history. He fixed a sulfur ball on one end of an iron shaft, and then rotated the sulfur ball while rubbing the sulfur ball with a dry hand, so that the sulfur ball generated an electric charge and could attract tiny substances.
- Stephen Gray discovered electrical conduction in 1729, and charges can be conducted from one substance to another. Only some substances conduct charge, and among them, metal is the best. Since then, scientists no longer believe that the object that generates a charge is inseparable from the generated charge, but that the charge is an independent substance that was called an electric fluid at that time. In 1733, Charles du Fay divided electricity into two types, glass and amber . These two kinds of electricity will offset each other. When the glass rubs against a silk scarf, the glass generates a galvanic electricity; when the amber rubs against the fur, the amber generates an amber electricity. This theory is called the dual fluid theory of electricity . With a live wire, you can know whether a substance has glass or amber electricity. A substance with a glass charge will repel a charged wire; a substance with an amber charge will attract a charged wire.
- In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin, the expert at the forefront of electricity, was none other than Benjamin Franklin. He believes that the single-fluid theory of electricity is more correct. He imagined that electricity was stored in all matter, and was usually in equilibrium, and frictional movements caused electricity to flow from one object to another. For example, he believes that the accumulated electricity is glass stored in a Leiden bottle, and rubbing the glass with a silk scarf causes electricity to flow from the silk scarf to the glass. This flow forms a current. He suggests that objects with a lower charge have a negative charge and objects with a higher charge have a positive charge. He arbitrarily set the glass electricity to be positive, with excess electricity, and the amber electricity to be negative, lacking sufficient electricity. At the same time, William Watson reached the same conclusion. In 1747, Franklin assumed a constant total charge in an isolated system, which is called the law of conservation of charge.
- Coulomb torsion balance
- In the late eighteenth century, the study of electricity in terms of quantity began to develop substantially. In 1785, using the torsion balance independently invented by Charles Coulomb and Joseph Priestley, Coulomb confirmed Priestley's basic law: what is felt between two objects carrying a static charge. The force is inversely proportional to the distance. This laid the basic law of static electricity.
- In 1897, Joseph Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge observed that cathode rays were deflected by electric or magnetic fields. He reasoned that cathode rays were composed of negatively charged particles, which were later called electrons. From the deflection of the cathode ray, he calculated the charge-to-mass ratio of the electrons and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906.
- In 1904, Thomson created an atomic plum pudding model: the structure of the atom was analogized to the plum plum pudding, and the negative charge (plum) was dispersed in the positively charged ball (pudding). This model was overturned by Ernest Rutherford's Rutherford scattering experiment in 1909. Rutherford also proposed the Rutherford model: most of the mass and positive charge are concentrated in a small area (nucleus); electrons are surrounded outside the nuclear area.
- In 1909, American physicist Robert Milligan performed a famous experiment called the oil drop experiment, which can accurately measure the amount of charge of an electron. Thomson and student John Townsend used electrolyzed ionic gas to condense supersaturated water vapor. Similar results were obtained by measuring the charge of charged water beads. In 1911, Abram Ioffe independently obtained the same result using charged metal particles.
Positive charge technology
- There is a mutation at the interface from single crystal silicon to amorphous silicon dioxide. In a silicon dioxide molecule, each silicon atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms, and each oxygen atom is bonded to four silicon atoms. However, at the Si / SiO2 interface, as shown in the figure below, some silicon atoms are not bonded to oxygen atoms, causing some silicon atoms to become acceptors. Therefore, within 2 nm from the Si / SiO2 interface, incomplete oxidation of silicon is positively charged The fixed oxide charge region. Some other charges accumulated at the interface include interface trap charges and mobile oxide charges. Interfacial trap charges are mainly composed of positive or negative charges caused by structural defects, oxidation-induced defects, or metal impurities; movable charges are mainly caused by mobile ion contamination [2] .
- And these positive charge accumulation layers stacked at the interface will induce corresponding negative charges in the silicon substrate. These negative charge layers form a conductive channel between the two N + bars, thereby reducing the resistance between the bars and detecting the The charge collection of the strip has an adverse effect. In this regard, B ions can be implanted by ion implantation between two N + bars to form P + bars. In this way, the P + strips between two adjacent N + strips and N + strips are in reverse bias, effectively blocking the surface channel between the strips. This technique is called P-stop technology [2] .