What is a quantum wire?

Quantum wire is a cable or wire, often similar to a copper wire, but made of nanotubes of a particular element, usually carbon. Quantum wires are usually conductors, but can also be made as insulators or semiconductors. These wires are ideal for electrical connections and for use on spacecraft because they are smaller and lighter than their metal counterparts. However, they are expensive to produce. By comparison, the diameter of one human hair is measured in micrometers, which are 1,000 times larger than the nanometer. Nanotubes are used not only to create quantum wire, but are used in various scientific fields, including medical research.

In 1991, nanotubes are carried out when the laser is shot on a pure substance like carbon. Originally it was a lengthy process with many potential nanotubes discarded because it does not engage in size requirements, but scientists from Rice University improved the process for the production of random nanotubes by 1996.

nanotubes must be connected or twisted together in the chains to form quantum wires that have higher conductivity than copper wires, the best metal conductor of electricity. Theoretically, the quantum wire has one sixth of the weight of the copper wire and can perform electricity up to ten times more efficiently. Metal quantum wires can be made of nickel (ni) or gold (AU). These wires are largely experimental, but have use in electronics and optics.

Maybe the most scientifically exciting type of quantum wire, but are made of carbon nanotubes. In 2005, Rice University performed extensive research into the production of quantum wire from carbon nanotubes using a grant of $ 11 million USD (USD) from the United States of the United States and Space Administration (NASA). Rice University was scheduled to complete in 2010 and was accused of the task of creating a quantum wire long enoughHo to be used in spacecraft.

Since the wires are lighter and more efficient, NASA and other scientists believe that quantum wires could be helpful in allowing spacecraft further into space, because each extra pound costs more fuel spacecraft. Scientists have problems in producing a sufficient amount of nanotubes to create long wire lengths, because the very specific shape of nanotubes, called a "armchair on the shoulder", is essential to reverse them. In 2005, only two percent of nanotubes had the right shape for use. Since 2010, however, scientists from Rice University have made considerable progress in solving the problem, but more research has been needed.