What is black carbon?
Black carbon (BC) is a very fine form of particles based on an element of carbon, which is produced by incomplete combustion processes, and is often commonly referred to as soot. Since 2009, it has begun to be the main contributing factor to global warming by the scientific community, where it can block emissions of infrared heat from the Earth's atmosphere back into space. Estimates are that black carbon is responsible for anywhere from 10% to 40% of all radiation blocking, although it has only a short life in the upper atmosphere for several weeks, unlike greenhouse gas, such as carbon dioxide, which can last up to a century in the atmosphere. The main human activities that produce black carbon aerosols are the burning of wood and vegetation, the use of coal to produce energy and operation of diesel -powered engines. For example, in the United States, 90% of all BC emissions are produced in 2011 in the Transportun Sector from diesel -powered diesel.
The carbon element consists of ties with many other elements in nature and the black carbon itself can have several different forms. Unlike stable compounds, such as black diamond carbon or black carbon steel, atmospheric black carbon is in the form of an element, which is usually slightly bound to organic molecules based on the source material from which it originated. Where it contains a microcrystalline structure, which is similar to graphite, it can absorb visible rays of light and longer infrared wavelength light known as thermal radiation, which usually escape into space from the upper atmosphere and prevent the planet from overheating.
Recent research in the 21st century in the 21st century revealed that black carbon emissions are the second largest element contributing to global warming after carbon dioxide emissions. Pollution zacgouts are also considered to be easily reduced due to the short -term duration of the material in the atmosphere. Improved heating efficiencyCooking or cooking technologies in developing countries as well as control of air pollution in coal -fired power plants and diesel engines could quickly reduce the BC pollution rate on an extended scale.
diesel vehicles and industrial plants can be equipped with washing machines that can prevent up to 70% of black carbon emissions over the course of life on a particle trap of eight years. Replacing the stoves of cooking in countries such as India and China, where coal or other biomass combustion is widely performed, with liquefied oil gas (LPG) burned stones is also considered a practical and economical way to reduce black carbon emissions. Since they themselves are the main contributing factor to respiratory diseases, it would also improve the health of those who are affected by air pollution from the BC stove.
Studies since 2009 in Arctic and Antarctica, and as 2010 in the Himalayan Mountains revealed that black carbon is the main contribution to the melting of glaciers. This is despite the fact that the BC emissions are primarily comingThey are from tropical regions, while East Asian nations are the main producer of pollutants with a volume substance. A significant factor in the emission of black carbon is deforestation in the areas of tropical rainforest. Reduction of deforestation is considered to be a more easily alleviated source of pollution than previous attempts to reduce the gas production levels of global warming, such as carbon dioxide levels and nitrogen oxide, which are inevitable by -products of worldwide industrial and transport networks.