What Is a Technical Ceramic?

High-tech ceramics refers to a new generation of ceramics that uses refined high-purity, ultra-fine synthetic inorganic compounds as raw materials and is sintered using a precisely controlled manufacturing process. New ceramics or high-performance ceramics.

High-tech ceramics refers to a new generation of refined high-purity, ultra-fine synthetic inorganic compounds as raw materials and sintered using a precisely controlled preparation process, which has far better performance than traditional ceramics

Traditional ceramics mainly refer to ceramics, glass, cement and refractory materials. The chemical composition is silicates, so it is also called silicate material. Broadly defined advanced ceramics include artificial single crystal, amorphous, ceramics and their composite materials, semiconductors, refractories and cement, also known as inorganic non-metal materials.

Although the advanced ceramics are generally described, they can be roughly divided into three categories according to their functions and uses:

(1) Functional ceramics (also known as electronic ceramics) refers to those advanced ceramics that use their electrical, magnetic, acoustic, optical, thermal, elastic, and other properties or their coupling effects to achieve a certain use function. , Large output, low price, wide application, full function, fast update. It can be mainly used for civil purposes; it can also be used for high-tech and military technologies, such as underwater acoustics, optoelectronics, infrared technology, etc .;

(2) Structural ceramics (also known as engineering ceramics) refer to advanced ceramics used for various structural components that exert their mechanical, thermal, and chemical functions. They are mainly used for components that require high temperature, corrosion and abrasion resistance, such as Mechanical seals, ceramic bearings, ball valves, cylinder liners, tools, etc. The rise of the world ceramic fever in the 1980s promoted the development of structural ceramics;

(3) Bioceramics refers to advanced ceramics that exert their biological and chemical functions, mainly used in artificial bones, artificial joints, immobilized enzyme carriers, catalysts, etc. Compared to metal biological materials and polymer metal materials, bioceramics have more Good biocompatibility and chemical stability ^[2]

There are three development trends of advanced ceramics:

(1) From single-phase, high-purity materials to multi-phase composite ceramics, it includes fiber-based (or whisker) reinforced ceramic-based composite materials; heterogeneous particle dispersion strengthened composite ceramics; Self-reinforcing materials with crystalline phase combination; gradient functional composites and nano-micron composites;

(2) From the micrometer scale (from powder to microstructure) to the nanometer direction (1- hundreds of nanometers), that is, to the transitional structural region between the atom or molecule and the conventional microstructure. Different chemical and physical properties, such as changes in superplasticity, electricity, and magnetic properties, will occur from previous micron-scale ceramic materials;

(3) The cutting and design of ceramic materials, along with the progress of preparation science, the accumulation of basic knowledge such as phase diagrams; a regular understanding of the relationship between composition, microstructure and performance, to provide material tailoring and design materials according to performance The rich scientific foundation makes it possible both theoretically and technologically ^[3] .