What Is a Tiltmeter?

The inclinometer is and is still the basic instrument for studying the topographic changes of solid tide and earthquake precursory observation.

Inclinometers are a type and are still studying

The inclinometer is made of stainless steel, which is sturdy and durable. It comes with an adjustment and fixing bracket for easy installation. The inclinometer has intelligent recognition function.

Measuring range -15 + 15 °

Sensitivity 9 / F

The most basic types of inclinometers are: water pipe inclinometers, fixed pendulum inclinometers, and bubble inclinometers.

Inclinometer

In 1914, Michelson and Gale will be 150 meters long and 15 cm in diameter.

Inclinometer

The water pipes are buried at a depth of 1.8 meters. The two pipes are filled with water about half and placed in the direction of the meridian circle and the iliac circle. The manufacturer used optical interference to measure the relative displacement of the horizontal plane at both ends of the water pipe to measure the tide height. Later, this long-pipe level measurement method was applied to geodetic leveling. In 1973, Bowern built a 50-meter water pipe inclinometer for solid tide observations.

Its advantage is that the long baseline water pipe inclinometer makes the accuracy requirements of water level measurement at both ends low, easy to implement, and adopts differential measurement to reduce the influence of common mode interference. The system has good stability and is less affected by environmental interference, so it is widely used in In geodynamics, earth tilt, solid tide observation, fault deformation and other observations; the disadvantage is that the water pipe tilt meter has a longer baseline, which increases the damping of water flow, has a larger natural vibration period, and has a narrower frequency band. It can only measure The average effect of tilt motion over a wide range, but oblique motion observation at a specific point is powerless. In addition, container leakage, liquid decay and temperature differences at both ends of the water pipe inclinometer are the main sources of measurement errors ^[3] .

Tilt Tilt Tilt Meter

There are two ways to install a pendulum with a swing axis: the pendulum axis is installed horizontally, and the pendulum in the vertical plane is called a vertical pendulum; the pendulum axis is installed vertically, and the pendulum in the horizontal plane is called a horizontal pendulum. The pendulum tiltmeter can be traced back to the horizontal pendulum of a double wire suspension system invented by Hengler in 1830. Later Zollner improved the two-wire suspension system so that the Zollner pendulum can be used for both earthquakes and slow-moving ground tilt measurements caused by ground changes.

The horizontal pendulum has the function of mechanical amplification, and the gain is related to the angle i from which the pendulum axis deviates from the vertical line. When i = 0, its sensitivity is , so the pendulum system cannot be stabilized. The practical compromise is to make it have sufficient gain in a certain stable range. The use of a horizontal pendulum can increase the period of the pendulum's natural vibration and reduce the torque required to push the pendulum to rotate. In this way, it can measure a small amount of tilt without making the instrument too large and meet the actual needs.

Tilt Meter Tilt Meter

The vertical pendulum inclinometer is designed based on the plumb line.

The vertical pendulum inclinometer uses the principle of pendulum verticality and consists of three parts: a hanging wire, a pendulum rod and a weight. The vertical pendulum is in a vertical state without vibration. When the tilt changes, the balance position of the pendulum changes, and the relative position between the pendulum and the bracket changes. The fixed piece of the capacitive displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the main frame. The distance between the moving piece and the moving piece also changes accordingly. The tiny signal of the pendulum is converted into an electrical signal by the sensor and amplified. Because the relative change of the ground tilt is small and the relative offset of the pendulum is small, it is necessary to have a high-precision micrometering system to measure the position change of the pendulum.

Tilt meter bubble tilt meter

In 1968, Hansen designed a bubble inclinometer that uses a mechanical feedback system to control horizontal bubbles and keep them in their original equilibrium position. The bubbles are confined to an optical plane of 7.5 cm, and the electrodes on the base of the bubble chamber detect the position of the bubbles. The movement of the bubble will cause a voltage signal to be generated by the phase-sensitive detection circuit. This voltage will then provide a driving current to the pair of permanent magnet solenoids that drive the motor through the power amplifier. The motor will apply a torque to the beryllium bronze rod supporting the bubble in the middle to cause it to occur. Bend to return the bubble to its zero position. Therefore, the driving current reflects the ground tilt signal that causes the bubble movement, that is, the output signal of the bubble tilt meter.