What Is an Electron Beam?

The electrons are gathered into a beam. With high energy density. It uses electrons generated by the cathode in the electron gun to be accelerated to a high speed (0.3-0.7 times the speed of light) under the high-voltage (25-300kV) acceleration electric field between the anode and the anode. After the lens converges, it forms a dense high-speed electron flow.

[Word]: Electron beam

[Interpretation]: Also known as electronic note. Bunch in a vacuum. Available

Electrons will be accelerated in an electric field to accelerate, increase energy, and generate an electron beam.

Electron beam machining (EBM) is the use of electrons generated in an electron gun under vacuum to accelerate and focus the energy density of 106 109W /

The ultra-fine beam current hits the surface of the workpiece at high speed (60% ~ 70% of the speed of light), and converts most of the kinetic energy of the electrons into thermal energy in a very short time, forming a "pinhole" effect, which causes the workpiece to be impacted. The material at the part reaches several thousand degrees Celsius, which causes the material to locally melt or evaporate, achieving welding purposes.

Lasers use the principle of atomic stimulated radiation to stimulate a substance to produce a beam with a uniform wavelength, a uniform direction, and a very high intensity. The optical system focuses the laser beam into an extremely small spot with a size close to the wavelength of the light wave. Its power density can reach 105 1011W /

The temperature can reach 10,000 degrees Celsius, which will melt and evaporate the material in an instant.

So far, electron beam welding has become a mature processing technology through continuous development. Whether it is automobile manufacturing or aerospace, it plays a pivotal role. For more than 40 years, laser processing has moved from the laboratory to the practical stage, and has entered all areas of original electron beam processing, which has greatly replaced the electron beam processing. However, it has been proven in practice that laser and electron beams, as high-energy-density heat sources, have many different technical characteristics, but also have different characteristics for different applications in terms of technical and economic performance.

Compared with electron beam welding, laser welding has the advantage that laser welding does not require a vacuum chamber and demagnetization before welding the workpiece. It can be performed in the atmosphere and has no X-ray prevention problems, so it can be operated online in the production line. , Can also be welded magnetic materials. In addition, the cycle time of laser welding is much lower than that of electron beam welding (easy to do within 30 seconds). Laser welding has actually achieved the status of electron beam welding 20 years ago and has become the mainstream of the development of high-energy beam welding technology.

As one of the core technologies for the preparation and processing of refractory metals, the electron beam technology has been widely used in the fields of forming and refining of superalloys, welding of superalloys, surface modification, and coating preparation, and will continue to be involved in aviation In various fields such as aerospace, defense industry and nuclear industry. In addition, with the continuous improvement of the requirements for the use of superalloys and the development of new superalloys, the application of electron beam technology in superalloys is also facing new challenges. Therefore, new methods and processes of electron beam technology need to be continuously developed. For example, the combination of computational simulation and electron beam technology can effectively guide the preparation and processing of materials. In addition, the application of electron beam automation technology can achieve accurate control of material preparation and processing processes, while reducing labor intensity and improving material Use performance. The development of electron beam technology and superalloys promote each other, and the application of electron beam technology in superalloys is bound to develop in the direction of high efficiency, low cost and low energy consumption. In addition, the application of electron beam technology has greatly improved the performance of high-temperature alloys, and made the preparation and processing of ultra-high melting point alloys possible. E-beam technology is closely integrated with the development of high-temperature alloys, and continues to develop. The application fields in high-temperature alloys will continue to expand, and the application prospect is worth looking forward to ^[1] .