What Is Biological Chemistry?
Biochemistry, as its name implies, is a discipline in the chemical processes of graduate students, often referred to as biochemistry. [1]
- [shng wù huà xué]
- A branch of chemistry. It is studying the chemical composition of living matter
- Before urea was artificially synthesized, it was generally believed that the scientific laws of nonliving matter did not apply to living organisms, and that only living organisms were able to produce the molecules (ie organic molecules) that make up living organisms. Until 1828, the chemist Friedrich Weller successfully synthesized the organic molecule urea, which proved that organic molecules can also be artificially synthesized. [1]
- Organisms are organized by certain material components in strict rules and ways. The human body contains about 55-67% water, 15-18% protein, 10-15% lipids, 3-4% inorganic salts, and 1-2% sugars. From this analysis, the composition of the human body
- There are many chemical reactions in living organisms, and they continue to proceed according to certain rules. If one reaction goes too much or too little, it will appear abnormal, or even disease. Except for viruses,
- Each part that makes up an organism has its special physiological function. From the perspective of biochemistry, it is necessary to deeply explore the functions of cells, subcellular structures and biomolecules. Function comes from structure. To understand the function of a cell, you must first understand its subcellular structure. Similarly, to understand the function of a subcellular structure, you must first understand the biomolecules that make up it. The knowledge that the structure of biological molecules is closely related to their functions has been
- Another distinguishing feature of organisms from non-living organisms is their ability to reproduce and genetic characteristics. All organisms can replicate on their own; replicas are almost the same as they are and can be passed down from generation to generation. This is the genetic characteristic of the organism. The characteristics of heredity are loyalty and stability. More than thirty years ago, her understanding of heredity was not deep enough. Genes are just a mysterious term. With the development of biochemistry, it has been confirmed that genes are nothing more than the sequence of nucleotide residues in DNA molecules. The structure of the DNA molecule is not difficult to measure, genetic information can also be known, and various ribonucleic acids in the process of transmitting genetic information have also been basically understood. Out of genetic engineering. If the required genes can be proposed or synthesized, and then transferred to appropriate organisms to change heredity and control heredity, this will not only relieve people of some diseases, but also improve the species of animals and plants. Making some organisms, especially microorganisms, better serve humanity, it is foreseeable that this development will make a huge contribution to human happiness in the near future.
- If biochemistry targets different organisms, it can be divided into animal health
- Biochemistry major graduate objects
- The profound impact of biochemistry on other biological disciplines is first reflected in the more closely related
- In 1953, the double-helix structure of DNA, modern experimental techniques and research methods laid the foundation for modern molecular biology. Since then, nucleic acids have become the focus and focus of biochemical research.
- From 1776 to 1778, the Swedish chemist Sheele isolated from natural products:
- Scheler
- In 1937, the German-German biochemist Krebs discovered the tricarboxylic acid cycle and won the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology.
- In 1953, Watson and Crick determined the DNA double helix structure and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962.
- Watson and Creek
- In 1977, Sanger and Gilbet devised a method for determining DNA sequences, which won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- In 1984, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Bruce Merrifield (USA) for the establishment and development of methods for the chemical synthesis of proteins.
- In 1993, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Rechard J. Roberts (United States), etc., in recognition of his discovery of a broken gene.
- The 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Karg B. Mallis (USA) for his invention of the PCR method and Michaet Smith (Canada) for his establishment of DNA synthesis and site-directed mutagenesis research.
- In 1994, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Alfred G. Gilman (United States) in recognition of his discovery of G protein and its role in intracellular signal transduction.
- In 1996, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Petr c. Doherty (United States), etc., in recognition of his discovery that T cells recognize virus-infected cells and MHC (major histocompatibility complex) restrictions.
- 1997
- Boyer (Paul D. Boyer), American biochemist, was born on July 31, 1918 in Provo, Utah, USA. He won the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walker for his pioneering contribution in researching the enzymatic process of producing the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Also receiving the award was the Science Award Jens c. Skon (Denmark) for discovering the Na \ KATP enzyme that transports ions.
- The 1997 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine was awarded to Professor Stanley Prusiner of the University of California, San Francisco. This honor recognizes Professor Bruchner's contribution to the study of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) pathogen that causes degeneration in the human brain. Discovered prion protein (PRION) and made outstanding contributions in the research of its pathogenic mechanism.
- In 1998, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Rollert F. Furchgott (USA) for his discovery of NO as a signal molecule in the cardiovascular system.