What is hydrogen fluoride?
The fluoride is a compound of hydrogen and fluorine with a chemical formula of HF. Fluorin is a member of a group of elements known as halogens, all of which combine with hydrogen in a similar way to form halogen halogens. At room temperature and normal pressure, hydrogen fluoride is a colorless gas with a boiling point of 67.1 ° F (19.5 ° C), which is much higher than other hydrogen halogen and allows it to exist as a liquid at everyday temperatures. The water is dissolved to form hydrophluoric acid. The HF liquid is also known as anhydrous-what is hydrophluoric without water-acid and “HF” can be used to indicate gas, liquid or water acid.
In aqueous solution, fluoric acid is weak acid due to hydrogen bond between HF and water molecules, which limits the degree of dissociation to the ions. The hydrogen bond between the HF molecules corresponds to the relatively high boiling point of hydrogen compared to other hydrogen halogenides. Acid reacts with many metals, usually forming hydrogen gas and metalFluoride, for example: MG + 2HF -> MGF 2 + H 2 . Unlike many acids, however, it also easily reacts with most metal oxides and silicates, including glass, form soluble compounds. For this reason, it cannot be stored in glass bottles.
Thefluoride can be produced by the reaction of metal fluoride, such as calcium fluoride, sulfuric acid: CAF 2 + H In this way, it is produced in the chemical industry by fluorite, common mineral forms of calcium fluoride. The main industrial uses are in the production of polytheterafluorethylene (PTFE), in the semiconductor industry to remove oxide from silicon, in the extraction of uranium from oxide ore, in etched glass and as a catalyst in Petrochemical Industry. It is also used to remove rust stains because it reacts with metal oxides to form soluble fluorides. Fluorby the electrolysis of the liquid HF.
In the laboratory, HF in the form of hydrofluoric acid is used in mineral analysis due to its ability to dissolve silicates. It is also used in the analysis of pollen in soil samples. The soil consists mainly of organic and mineral material, while minerals consist mainly of carbonates and silicates. To identify any pollen present, this material should be removed and after treatment with other agents to remove carbonates and organic material, fluoric acid is used to remove silicate minerals.
fluoride and hydrophluoric acid are highly toxic and very corrosive. Gas inhalation damages the respiratory system and can cause pulmonary edema and death. The contact of the skin with fluoride acid, even in very diluted solutions, can lead to heavy burns and enabledfluoride ions into the bloodstream. Acid is absorbed very quickly through outer skin and kills live tissue underneath it, mainly because of fluoride io fluorideNTY combining with calcium ions and producing insoluble calcium fluoride. Calcium is essential for cell metabolism and for the functioning of vital organs; Its removal from the system can result in a condition known as hypokalacemia, which can lead to death in cardiac arrest or more organs failure.
Due to these risks, hydrogen acid and hydrophluoric acid should be treated very carefully and usually strict safety measures are observed. Ingestion, inhalation or skin contact with HF requires urgent medical care, although there are no immediate symptoms, as in diluted solutions, the effects may be delayed. Leaks covering 2% or more body surface are considered to be a threatening life due to the risk of a significant amount of fluoride ions entering the bloodstream. Calcium applicationglconate gel into the affected area provides calcium ions that bind to fluoride ions, help minimize damage and prevent hypokalacemia.