What is phospholipase?

phospholipase is a member of a very complex group of enzymes that break down phospholipids into fatty acids and other compounds. Phospholipids contain fatty acids, a phosphate group and often a group of diglycerides. This is a compound with two groups of glycerol. Phospholipids are part of all membranes in cells.

There are a number of different phospholipase classes. Even in the same class, enzymes can have very different sequential similarities and ways of regulation. Their products are often signaling molecules that pass on the cell instructions to start or end the reactions. Their activities are firmly regulated.

phospholipases are defined by the enzymatic reaction they catalyze. Classes are phospholipase A, which has members of A1 and A2; phospholipase B, which can perform reactions A1 I A2; phospholipase c; and phospholipase D. phospholipase is usually shortened as pl.

The most wells died PLA2, a large group of enzymes unrelated to protein families. Pla2 is defInvited by releasing fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol. Some PLA2 remains inside the cell and are known as cytosolic PLS or CPLA2. When calcium levels are increased, they are transplified into membranes. A large amount of PLA2 is excreted outside the cell.

An example of a secretary type is pancreatic PLA2. This is the main PL in the pancreatic secretion. It catalyze phospholipid hydrolysis in the diet to digest nutrients.

Other types of secretized PLA2 can have very different functions. One type provides protection against bacteria in human tears. Another type of PLA2 generates free fatty acids for the farthest layer of skin.

both CPLA2 and some of the excreted PLA2 can generate fatty acid acids from membrane phosphoneolipids. There are 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids. Once liberated from phospholipids, the generation of eikosan may be oxygenatedoids. These compounds can affect many potentially pathogenic reactions. For example, a hormonal group of prostaglandins are types of eikosanoids and can cause inflammation.

PLA2 inhibitors may have clinical applications. The role of secreted PLA2 in lipid metabolism can have effects on human diseases. Increased levels of these enzymes were correlated with coronary arteries. New inhibitors have been developed that show promising patients with this disorder. PL2 brain inhibitors were designed to treat neurological disorders.

For PLA2, several receptors are identified. The receptors are proteins that specifically and firmly bind a particular molecule and transmit the signal. Some poisons of reptiles and invertebrates are toxic excreted PLA2. It is believed that the toxicity is manifested by the binding to the mammalian receptors PLA2.

The PLC family is another group that is highly studied for its role in mammal physiology, especially in cell signaling. PLCs are found afteruze intracellular or inside cells. These enzymes cleave phospholipids in front of the phosphate group and form diacylglycerol, DAG and inositol triposphate, IP3. The IP3 diffuses to the cytoplasm and causes calcium levels to increase. This generates a number of changes in cellular metabolism.

2 Protein kinase activity C is involved in the regulation of normal cell growth. This also participates in the development of the tumor. The development of inhibitors on PLC is an active area of ​​research.

Pls secretion is also considered to be a strategy used by bacteria, parasites of apatogenic fungus to infect their host. Several different types of PLS ​​participated in pathogenicity. Include PLA1, PLA2 and PLB