What is the surface energy?

In solid mass, the molecules are surrounded by identical energy measurement molecules. On the surface of the solid, however, the molecules will probably be in contact with the air and sometimes liquids or other materials of different energy measurements. As a result, the measurement of surface energy always differs from the measurement found in the weight of the solid. The molecules have as what they are called "adhesive units" and "cohesive units" that control the ways interacting with the molecules around them. Adhesive units try to bind to other types of molecules, while cohesive units try to bind with similar molecules. If the cohesive units are more pronounced, liquid molecules increase on the surface because they resist other molecules; The opposite is true if adhesive units are more pronounced.

surface energy, surface tension and measurement of surface density tension analyze the behavior of wetting between liquids and solids when scientists test thermodynamic properties of solids. When liquid molecules on solidThe cohesion of the bead surface can be measured by the contact angle of these molecules on the solid surface. This contact angle measurement is carried out using a device called a trigonometer, which determines to what extent the cohesion or adhesion is at an excessive level. In this case, two other forces may affect surface energy. If the surface is robust or known as hydrophobic, it causes liquids of beads at higher angles; Conversely, when the surface is hydrophilic, the liquid drop can spread to cover as much surface as the liquid molecules can achieve.

surface energy measurement is usually performed at extremely high temperatures, when solids react with moderate movements under heat voltage, but the volume is almost constant. The lining of the surface energy of the IQUID is carried out by means of a so -called “liquid membrane section” of the surface area. One method called the dynamic Wilhelmy method includes immersion of a solid in a liquid that was previously measured for surface tension and then measuredIt is wetted for forces when the solid is released from the liquid. Another method, called the method of powder angle, is used when scientists need to know the levels of absorption and surface energy of porous materials and powders.

Practical applications of these surface energy measurements and test procedures benefit the development of industrial and consumer products. Metals coated polymers rely on the knowledge of scientists about the adhesion and cohesion of their strength and durability. The surface energy of the material is carried out for the applications of oxidation and chemical bonds. In lithography, the inks must be applied in a way that allows image areas to absorb inks and nemage to remain without I.NKS; Surface energy research has improved these processes.