What is kinetochore?
Kinetochore is a structure in the nucleus of a cell that contributes to mitosis and meiosis, two processes of cell division. Kinetochores are specialized areas located on chromosome centromers and consists of many types of proteins. The main feature of Kinetochores is to help move chromosomes during cell division. During mitosis, Kinetochores behaves like chromosomes. The fibers are attached to these “handles” and pull to move the chromosomes in the dividing cell. Meiosis is a process in which sex cells, sperm and eggs are divided. There are four phases of mitosis: profse, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Kinetochores play a role in the first three phases. The newly copied material is condensed into chromosomes during profase. There are 46 chromosomes, each with two corresponding or sister chromatides held together in the middle of the centromery. Kinetochores are located on both sides of the centromery.
the nuclear envelope then disintegrates, allowing cells to move freely throughout the cell. Then each pair of centriols moves to one end or pole of the cell. When they move, they hatch extended microtubules or spindles that help push them. Some spindle fibers spread and connect to the kinetochore on both sides of the centromery. The spindle fibers pull and pull to kinetochores until all the chromosomes are aligned over the center of the cell.
During the metaphase, the fibers form a lemon -shaped field. This is called a mitotic spindle. The fibers are associated with kinetochores along the middle line of the cell and are anchored to the plasma membrane at each end of the cell.
Sister chromatids are divided into two into centromer during the anaphase. They are made on individual chromosomes and each of them is still attached to the mitotic spindle in Kinetochore. One daughter chromosome migrates to each pole of the cells. Migration is achieved using motor protein in kinetochore moveby the spindle fibers. The fibers are then discussed at the pole or "chew".
In the final phase of mitosis, telophase, the cell reorganizes around both sets of chromosomes. It is prepared to divide into two similar cells. Chromosomes unfold and kinetochores and the spindle disintegrates and disappears. The cell then passes through the process of cytokinesis, in which it is completely divided into two daughter cells.