What is the equalizing agent?

In chemistry, acid -based chemistry is a buffer agent, which can be used to maintain a solution at a constant pH or acalinity level of acidity. Acids in aqueous solution are provided by hydronia ions (H _{3 o}

+), while alkalics provide hydroxide ions (oh -). The pH of the solution is a measure of the relative concentrations of these ions. A solution containing a leveling agent can absorb other hydronia or hydroxide ions that are introduced when adding acid or base without any change to the ratio of H _{3 /OH , and therefore no pH change. Naturally occurring buffers are found in biological systems and buffer substances have many uses in chemistry and industry. Ions H ^{+ are combined with water to form hydron ions (H 3 +) and tnegative anion is known as a conjugated base. For example, an aqueous hydrochloric acid consists of hydronia ions and a conjugated base is a chloride ion: HCl + H 2 o → 3}}

o + + cl . The ion is a weak base, so that hydrochloric acid in water consists almost exclusively of hydroxonia ions and chloride ions, making it a strong acid. In weak acid, however, the reverse reaction is significant because the conjugated base is stronger, and therefore the concentration of hydronia ions is lower.

a mixture containing salt weak acid together with the acid from which it is derived can often be used as an acidic buffer agent; Salt ensures enough acid conjugated base. Strong acids and their salts are not useful as buffer fabrics needed buffer agent needs a large amount of acid to be present in an unionized form and because pH in any case must usually be maintained in almost neutral or only moderate or alkaline. Similarly, an alkaline leveling agent usually includes salt weak alkali withThe field with Alkalia itself.

A simple example of acidic buffering solution is aqueous solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate. Acetic acid is weak acid, so most of them will not be ionized. When adding acid, other hydronic ions will react with acetate ions from sodium acetate, which will be more acetic acid, which remains mostly unionized and thus will not have a great effect on pH. When alkalia is added, other hydroxide ions (oh ^{) react with acetic acid to form acetate ions and water, and with a smaller amount of hydronial ions to form more water, again with a small effect on pH.}

Living organisms are used by buffering agents in a number of roles. For example, blood pH should be kept near 7.4 - slightly on the alkaline side of the neutral side. Since a wide range of chemicals of different acidity and alkalites can enter the bloodstream from food that is ingested, it is necessary for this value to be preserved. This is achieved by a combination of acidCarbonate (H _{2 CO 3 ) and hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3 -) Ions.}

Effective substances are widely used in industry and many common products. They are used in cleaning agents, food and cooking to ensure that the pH remains in the extent required by yeast responsible for fermentation. The shampoo works best when it is slightly acidic and generally contains a leveling agent to prevent the loss of acidity during use. Pufry is also very used in biology and biochemistry. Good's Buffers, developed at 60. Well, a group of equalizing agents are carefully designed to avoid biological reactions.