What is Boron's structure?

The

boron atomic structure, number 5 in the periodic table, displays the full internal shell of two electrons, with three electrons in the farthest shell, giving the atom three vulition electrons available for binding. In this respect, it resembles aluminum, another element in the Boron group; Unlike aluminum, however, it cannot donate electrons to other atoms to create an ionic binding with ions b ^{3+, because the electrons are too tightly bound to the core. Boron generally does not accept electrons to form a negative ion, so that normally does not form ion compounds - Bor chemistry is basically covalent. The electron configuration and subsequent binding behavior also determines the crystalline structure of the boron in its various elementary forms.}

Boron compounds can often be described as a "electron deficiency" in that less electrons are connected to normal covalent bonds. In one covalent binding, two electronyes shared between atoms and in most molecules, the elements monitor the rule of octet. StructureHowever, compounds such as borone trifluoride (bf _{3 ) and boron trichloride (BCL 3 ) show that the element has only six, not eight, electron in its valence shell.}

unusual bonds are also found in the structure of boron compounds known as Boranes - the investigation of these compounds has led to a certain revision of the theories of chemical bonds. Borans are boron and hydrogen compounds, trihydride, BH _{3 are the simplest. This compound again contains the boron atom, which is two electrons short from the octet. Diborane (b 2 h 6 ) is unusual in that each of the two hydrogen atoms in the compound shares its electron with two boros atoms is known as the three-electron binding center. Now more than 50 different borars and the complexity of their rivals from chemistry are known to be hydrocarbons.}

elementary boron does not naturally occur on the ground and is difficultPrepare in pure form because the usual methods - for example, reduce oxide - leave impurities that are difficult to remove. Although the element was first prepared in unclean form in 1808, only in 1909 was made in sufficient cleanliness so that its crystalline structure was examined. The basic unit for the crystalline structure of the boron is B _{12 icosahedron, s - on each of the 12 vertices - a boron atom is bound to five other atoms. An interesting feature of this structure is that the boron atoms are half the linking of one electron instead of the usual two electrons in covalent binding. This gives Bor atoms an effective valence 6, with one other link available at each of the peaks to allow them to link to neighboring units.}

ICOSahedra are not firmly wound and leave the cavities in the crystal structure that can be filled with boron atoms or other elements. Several useful borac and boron compound alloys with b _{12 icosahedra have been madewith other elements. These materials are recorded for their hardness and high melting points. One example is the aluminum magnesium boride (BAM), with the chemical formula of the AlMGB 14 . This material has a distinction that the well -known coefficient of the lowest friction - in other words, is very slippery - and is used as a hard -based low friction coating for parts of the machine.}