What Is the Tyndall Effect?

Tyndall, John: Irish physicist. Born on Carly's Lilyn Bridge on August 2, 1820; died on 4 December 1893 at Hindred, Surrey, England. He died from accidentally using an excessive amount of sleeping pills.

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Tyndall, John:

Tyndall's ancestor was William Tyndall, a 16th-century Bible translator, who was classified as a pagan in 1536 and burned to the stake. Tyndall's education was very fragmented; after reading a little, he became a civil servant, and later became a railway engineer. But he is very active in learning, reading a lot of books, as long as he has the opportunity, he can listen to any class. Finally, he attended the University of Marburg, Germany, and studied chemistry with Frankland * under the guidance of Benson *. In 1851 he received his doctorate. In 1852 he was elected to the Royal Society.

In 1854, Tyndall was admired as a professor of natural philosophy at the Royal Academy, and worked with Faraday * for more than ten years, admiring him very much. After Faraday's death, he succeeded Faraday and wrote a biography praising him.

Tyndall's most important professional research is the way of gas conduction, but what makes him most famous is the analysis of the characteristics of the beam in solution. If the beam passes through pure water or a solution of substances called Grams * crystals, the light is undisturbed. When viewed from the side, the beam of light passing through the purified water or solution cannot be seen.

However, if the beam passes through a colloidal solution, the colloidal particles are just large enough to scatter the light. The colloidal particles will "bounce" part of the light in all directions. When viewed from one side, the light beam is obscured. Tyndall's study of this phenomenon in 1869 made it known by the name of the Tyndall effect and won himself the Langford Medal. A generation later, Sigmundi * developed a supermicroscope based on this phenomenon.

Rayleigh * demonstrated that the scattering rate of light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. In other words, the wavelength of purple light is half that of red light, and its scattering amount is 24, which is 16 times that of red light.

Tyndall can use this effect to explain why the sky is blue. Sunlight is scattered by dust (the size of colloidal particles) that is always present in the atmosphere. It is this scattering that makes the shadows bright enough to see clearly; in the lunar world, the shadows are dark due to the lack of atmosphere. Most of the scattered light is the light waves in the blue region of the spectrum, so the clear sky during the day is blue due to this scattered light.

When sunlight passes through a thicker atmosphere (such as at sunset), especially when there is a lot of dust in the sky (such as after a large volcano), a lot of long wave light is scattered and the sky appears light green. At this time, because only unscattered light at the red end of the solar spectrum can be seen, the sun turns orange or even red.

Tyndall is also proving that some dust in the air contains microbes. This finally explains why life is easy to appear in the broth. For a long time, biologists have mistakenly thought that this was spontaneous. Pasteur * prevents the broth from spoiling by simply isolating the dust.

Tyndall was gradually fascinated by the Alps when he was middle-aged, and he went mountain climbing in summer. He was 56 years old and he and his wife sheltered from the summer in a villa built a mile and a half high in the Alps.

In his time, Tyndall had a greater reputation as a science popularizer than a scientist. He was the first to interpret heat as molecular vibrations according to Maxwell's new developments in thermal theory for the public to understand. This content was published in his book "Heat is a Way of Motion" published in 1863. This book has been reprinted many times. He also introduced Helmholtz's law of conservation of energy in a synoptic manner. He was one of the first to understand the results of Meyer * 's research and dared to suggest that the first life might have evolved from inanimate matter.

Other Tyndall science books about water, light, air dust, etc. have also come out. In 1872 and 1873, he traveled to the United States, gave a series of successful lectures, and donated money to a trust to fund American science.

He died from accidentally using an excessive amount of sleeping pills.

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