What is Ubiquitin System?

Ubiquitin is a type of protein found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells have a cell nucleus and occur in humans, animals, plants and mushrooms. Inside the cells, proteins are continuously synthesized and decomposed or degraded, and the ubiquitin system helps to regulate this protein turnover. Ubiquitin connects to proteins to be degraded and effectively denoted. The proteins are then transported to a structure called protease where degradation occurs. The sequence of these amino acids does not change much in various organisms, so yeast ubiquitin and human ubiquitin contain only three differences in the sequence. Ubiquitin gets his name from the word ubiquitous, which concerns something that is found everywhere. In accordance with its name, Ubiquitin is not limited to one part of the cell, but is present everywhere. The Ubiquitinuv system of many cellular processes is included in the proteins, including growth, division and death of cells and copying and DNA repair. This step requires energy in the form of aDenosin triposphate (ATP), a structure that carries chemical energy inside the cell. Energy is needed to activate the E1 enzyme.

Two other enzymes of ubiquitin, known as E2 and E3, act together to attach the Ubiquitin to the target protein. It is assumed that the E3 also helps to identify protein and then one or more ubiquitin molecules can be attached to it. A signal that denotes a protein for recognition by the ubiquitin system is unknown, although scientists think that some amino acids may be responsible, some of which may remain hidden if the protein does not develop or does not participate in R Reaction.

In the end, the protein with its ubiquitin brand is transferred to the protease to be degraded. Some scientists think that Ubiquitin helps maintain a protein attached to the protease while degradation occurs, which prevents him too early. Proteasomes are the stroIt is degrading proteins that consist of a pile of rings. The prores at each end of the cylinder are inactive, while the central rings are active and close the chamber in which the proteins decompose. The cap at both ends of the cylinder connects to the ubiquitin and direct proteins to the degradation chamber.