What Is the Zeeman Effect?

The Zeeman effect refers to the phenomenon in which an atom's spectral lines are split and polarized in an external magnetic field. The first observation and explanation in history is that the spectral line is divided into three. Later, it was found to be more complicated than the triple split Is difficult to explain, so the former is called the normal or simple Zeeman effect, and the latter is the abnormal or complex Zeeman effect. ^[1]

Zeeman effect

The Dutch physicist Zeman discovered in 1896 that the light source that generates the spectrum was placed in a sufficiently strong magnetic field. The magnetic field acts on the luminous body to change the spectrum, and a spectral line will be split into several polarized spectral lines. This phenomenon is called the Zeeman effect.

The Zeeman effect is another one discovered after the Faraday magneto-optical effect

In 1896, the Dutch physicist Zeman used a concave Roland grating with a radius of 10 feet to observe the spectrum of the sodium flame in the magnetic field. He found that the sodium D-line appeared to broaden. This widening phenomenon is actually

For m = + 1, the angular momentum of the atom in the direction of the magnetic field is reduced by one

Due to the atom and

The Zeeman effect confirms the phenomenon that atoms have magnetic moments and spatial orientation quantization. So far, the Zeeman effect is still one of the important methods for studying the energy level structure. The normal Zeeman effect can be well explained by classical theory; the anomalous Zeeman effect cannot be explained by classic theory, but only by

In the absence of an external magnetic field, the energy difference between the atom's transition between the two energy levels E ₁ and E ₂ (E ₁ <E ₂ ) is E = hv = E ₂ -E ₁

Nuclear moment ratio

Only the spin that is singlet, that is, the line with a total spin of 0, exhibits the normal Zeeman effect. Non-single state spectral lines show anomalous Zeeman effect in the magnetic field, the number of spectral line splits is not necessarily 3, and the interval is not necessarily one

In the experiment, not only the Zeeman effect of the spectral emission line can be observed, but also the Zeeman effect of the absorption line, which is called the inverse Zeeman effect.

Only when the strength of the external magnetic field is weak enough to destroy

1. Determine the total angular momentum quantum number J and Lande factor g of the atom from the Zeeman effect experiment results, and then determine the total orbital angular momentum quantum number L and the total spin quantum number S of the atom.

2. Analysis of the elemental composition of matter by the Zeeman effect of matter.

3. Atomic absorption, atomic emission optical background correction technology.