What Are Different Metal Forging Techniques?
Forging and stamping are one of the main methods of metal plastic processing. This book is closely related to the main line of non-ferrous metals, outlines the general forging and stamping processes of non-ferrous metals, and details the forging and processing properties and unique processing techniques of major non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper. Design and processing of typical parts forming process. This book is suitable for process designers and field instructors who are engaged in non-ferrous metal forging and stamping.
Non-ferrous metal forging and stamping technology
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- Non-ferrous metal forging and stamping technology
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- Forging and stamping are one of the main methods of metal plastic processing. This book is closely related to the main line of non-ferrous metals, outlines the general forging and stamping processes of non-ferrous metals, and details the forging and processing properties and unique processing techniques of major non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper. Design and processing of typical parts forming process. This book is suitable for process designers and field instructors who are engaged in non-ferrous metal forging and stamping.
- "Nonferrous Metal Forging and Stamping Technology": Forging and stamping are one of the main methods for metal plastic processing. This book is closely related to the main line of non-ferrous metals, outlines the general forging and stamping processes of non-ferrous metals, and details the forging and processing properties and unique processing techniques of major non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and copper. Design and processing of typical parts forming process.
This book is suitable for process designers and field instructors who are engaged in non-ferrous metal forging and stamping.
- First Article Nonferrous Metal Forging
- 1 Introduction to Forging 3
- 11 Forged Category 3
- 1.2 The role of forging in the national economy 3
- 13 Characteristics of Forging Production 5
- 1.4 Status and Development Trend of Forging Production in China 5
- 2 free forging 9
- 21 Free Forging Process and Forging Classification 9
- 22 Free Forging Process Analysis 10
- 221 Forged Thick 10
- 222 Drawing 20
- 223 Punching 23
- 224 Reaming 26
- 225 Shift 29
- 226 Reverse 30
- 227 Bend 31
- 228 Cutting 32
- 23 Formulation of Free Forging Process Regulations 33
- 231 Formulation of Forging Figure 33
- 232 Determine the size and weight of the blank 35
- 233 Determine the deformation process plan and forging ratio 37
- 234Determining forging equipment 44
- 3 die forging 49
- 3.1 Features and Applications of Common Equipment for Die Forging 50
- 311 Die Forging Hammer 50
- 312 Die Forging Press 51
- 313 Screw Press 53
- 32 Forging Process 55
- 321 Deformation process of metal blank in die cavity during die forging 55
- 322 Design of Forging Drawings 56
- 3.3 Determination of Blank Size 84
- 331 Classification of Die and Forging 84
- 332 Calculating the blank and its sectional view 87
- 34 Forging Die Design 91
- 341 Design of blank mold slot 92
- 342 Design of Forging Die Slot 105
- 343 Forging Die Structure Design 117
- 344 Shift Force Balance and Lock Design 123
- 345 Module Size 127
- 4Aluminum and aluminum alloy forging 131
- 41 Raw Materials for Aluminum Alloy Forging 131
- 411 ingot 131
- 412 Rolled billet 132
- 413 Extruded blank 132
- 42 Forging Thermal Code 133
- 421 Forging temperature range 133
- 422 Deformation speed 136
- 423 The degree of deformation of each working stroke of the equipment 138
- 424 The total deformation of the casting and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties 139
- 425 Processing Method 142
- 43 Determination of equipment tonnage 142
- 431 Calculation of Tonnage of Free Forging Press 143
- 432 Calculation of tonnage of die forging equipment 144
- 44 aluminum alloy mold design features 146
- 45 Aluminum Alloy Forging Process 146
- 451 Feeding 146
- 452 Heating 147
- 453 Free Forging 148
- 454 Die Forging 149
- 455 Lubrication during die forging 150
- 456 Cut Edge 151
- 457 Cleanup 151
- 458 Repair 151
- 46 heat treatment 152
- 47 Defects and Removal Methods of Aluminum Alloy Forgings 152
- 48 Examples of Typical Forging Processes 153
- 5 magnesium and magnesium alloy forging 155
- 51 Raw Materials for Forging of Magnesium Alloys 155
- 511 ingot 155
- 512 Extruded blank 155
- 52 Forging Specifications 156
- 521 Craft Plasticity 157
- 522 Deformation Resistance 160
- 523 Relationship between stress state and plasticity 162
- 524 Relationship between the degree of deformation and mechanical properties 163
- 525 Processing Recrystallization Pattern and Grain Size Control 166
- 526 Forging temperature range 167
- 53 Forging process 169
- 531 Equipment selection and tonnage determination 169
- 532 Feeding 170
- 533 Heating before forging 171
- 534 Forging 173
- 535 cut edge 174
- 536 Polished 174
- 537 Fire 175
- 54 Forging heat treatment 175
- 55 Antirust Treatment of Forgings 177
- 551 Surface preparation before oxidation treatment 178
- 552 Oxidation treatment 179
- 6 Titanium and titanium alloy forging 181
- 61 Titanium and titanium alloys 181
- 611 Pure titanium 181
- 612 Titanium Alloy 182
- 613 Pollution of Titanium Alloys 184
- 62 Toughness of titanium alloy 186
- 6.3 Forging Thermal Code 188
- 631 Forging temperature range 188
- 632 Deformation degree and speed 191
- 633 Effect of Deformation Temperature and Deformation Degree on Grain Size of Titanium Alloy Forging 193
- 64 Forgings and Die Design 194
- 641 Shrinkage 194
- 642 Forging structure and machining allowance 194
- 643 Fillet radius and die forging slope 195
- 644 burr groove size and structure 195
- 645 Rules of Local Upsetting 196
- 646 groove wall thickness and surface roughness 198 [1]
- 647 Mould Material and Mould Life 198
- 65 Forging process 199
- 651 Feeding 199
- 652 Heating 199
- 653 Free Forging 202
- 654 Die Forging 203
- 655 Lubricant 204
- 656 Cut Edge 205
- 657 Correction 205
- 658 Forging Cleaning 205
- 66 Forging heat treatment 206
- 661 Incomplete annealing 206
- 662 Full Annealing 206
- 663 Isothermal Annealing 207
- 664 Double Annealing 207
- 665 Quenching and aging 208
- 67 Titanium Alloy Forging Defects 208
- 671 Overheating 208
- 672 Local Coarse Grain 210
- 673 Bright Bar 210
- 674 Hollow 211
- 675 Crack 212
- 68 titanium alloy forging 212
- 7 Copper and copper alloy forging 214
- 7.1 Performance of Pure Copper 214
- 72 Properties of Copper Alloys 214
- 721 Brass 216
- 722 Bronze 219
- 73 Forgeability of copper and its alloys 225
- 731 The malleability of pure copper 225
- 732 Forgeability of copper alloys 225
- 733 Forging temperature range 230
- 74Forging process 231
- 741 Feeding 231
- 742 Heating 231
- 743 Free Forging 232
- 744 Die Forging 232
- 745 Cooling and trimming 233
- 746 Cleaning and heat treatment 233
- 8 new forging methods 234
- 81 Precision Die Forging 234
- 811 High Temperature Precision Die Forging 235
- 812 Precision forging at room temperature 236
- 813 Medium temperature precision die forging 240
- 82 Isothermal Die Forging 243
- 821 Isothermal Superplastic Forging 243
- 822 Isothermal Die Forging 245
- 83 Liquid Metal Die Forging 246
- 831 Existing Problems in Liquid Metal Die Forging 247
- 832 Influence of various factors on the quality of liquid metal die forging
- 833 Design of Die Forging Drawing 256
- 834 Mould Design 257
- 84 Powder Forging 258
- 841 Powder Preparation 260
- 842 powder preform pressing 260
- 843 Powder heating and sintering 261
- 844 Preform blank forging 261
- 845 Heat treatment 262
- 85 Roll Forging 262
- 851 Characteristics and Applicability of Roll Forging 262
- 852 Classification and Application of Roll Forging 263
- 853 Main Forms and Characteristics of Roller Forging Machines 265
- Part 2 Non-Ferrous Metal Stamping
- 9 Overview of Stamping 269
- 91 Characteristics of Stamping Process 269
- 92 Application Range of Stamped Products 269
- 93 Classification and Development Direction of Stamping 270
- 931 Classification of Stamping 270
- 932 The development direction of stamping technology 270
- 9.4 Test Method for Sheet Metal Stamping 271
- 941 Sheet Metal Formability Test 272
- 942 Material forming simulation test 275
- 10 Theoretical basis of stamping deformation 280
- 101 Stress and Strain during Stamping 280
- 1011 Stress state during stamping 280
- 1012 Strain state during stamping deformation 285
- 1013 Plastic Conditions 288
- 102 Control of Stamping Forming Limit and Deformation Tendency 294
- 11 punching 298
- 111 Analysis of the Process of Punching Deformation 298
- 112 Punching Die Clearance 302
- 1121 Influence of Clearance on Blanking Quality 302
- 1122 Influence of clearance on punching force 306
- 1123 Influence of Clearance on Die Life 306
- 1124 Determination of convex and concave die gap values 308
- 113 Determination of the Cutting Edge Size of the Convex and Die 314
- 1131 Determination of reasonable gaps 314
- 1132 Principles for Calculating the Cutting Edge Size of Convex and Die 315
- 1133 Calculation Method of Cutting Edge Size of Convex and Die 316
- 11.4 Calculation of punching force and methods to reduce punching force 321
- 1141 Calculation of punching force 321
- 1142 Methods to reduce punching force 322
- 1143 Calculation of unloading force, thrust force and top force 324
- 15 Economical Use of Materials 326
- 1151 Material utilization rate 326
- 1152 Layout Method 328
- 1153 Overlap 330
- 1154 Determination of strip width 330
- 116 Other blanking methods 334
- 1161 Renovation 334
- 1162 Smooth blanking 340
- 11.7 Blanking of magnesium and titanium alloys 342
- 12 bends 344
- 121 Basic Principles of Bending Deformation 344
- 1211 Bending Deformation Process 344
- 1212 Resilience of curved pieces 345
- 1213 Location of strain neutral layer 346
- 1214 State of stress and strain during bending 349
- 1215 Minimum bending radius 351
- 122 Calculation of Bending Moment and Bending Force 355
- 1221 Calculation of Bending Moment 355
- 1222 Bending Force Calculation and Equipment Selection 357
- 123 Calculation of the elastic recovery of curved parts and measures to reduce elastic recovery 361
- 1231 Calculation of complex value of bomb 361
- 1232 Factors Affecting Recovery 368
- 1233 Reduction Measures 368
- 124 Calculation of the size of curved blanks 371 [1]
- 1241r> 05t Bend with Fillet Radius 371
- 1242r <05t Bend without fillet radius or small radius 373
- 125 Determination of the size of the working part of the bending die 375
- 1251 convex and concave mold fillet radius 375
- 1252 Die Depth 377
- 1253 convex and concave gap 378
- 1254 Calculation of the Width Dimensions of the Male and Female Dies 379
- 13 deep drawing 380
- 131 Deepening Deformation Process 381
- 132 Stress and Strain State in the Billet During Deep Drawing 383
- 133 Mechanical Analysis of Deep Drawing Process 385
- 1331 Stress Distribution in the Deformed Area of the Punch 385
- 1332 Deep drawing force when drawing 388
- 13.4 Wrinkling and Prevention of Deep Workpieces 389
- 135 Calculation of Drawing Process for Cylindrical Workpieces 393
- 1351 Calculation of cylindrical part blank size 393
- 1352 Drawing factor and drawing times 394
- 136 convex and concave die structure and workpiece part size 397
- 1361 Convex and concave structure 397
- 1362 Fillet radius of convex and concave dies 400
- 1363 Deep drawing die clearance 404
- 1364 convex and concave dimensions and manufacturing tolerances 404
- 1365 Deepen the air vent of the punch 407
- 13.7 Deep Drawing of Complex Shaped Workpieces 407
- 1371 Deep drawing of flanged cylindrical parts 407
- 1372 Deep drawing of trapezoidal cylinder 411
- 138 Thinning and Deepening 412
- 1381 Thinning and Deep Drawing Features 412
- 1382 Thinning factor 414
- 1383 Calculation Procedure for Thinning and Deep Drawing Process 414
- 14 forming 420
- 14.1 Bulge 420
- 1411 Rolling 420
- 1412 Bulging of cylindrical hollow pieces 425
- 1413 Calculation of the degree of deformation 427
- 142 Flanging 428
- 1421 hole flange 429
- 1422 Flanging of the outer edge 436
- 1423 Thinning and Flanging 437
- 14.3 necking 439
- 1431 Calculation of the degree of necking deformation 440
- 1432 Change of material thickness after necking 441
- 1433 Calculation of Retraction Force 442
- 15 sheet special forming 444
- 151 spin forming 444
- 1511 constant thin spinning 445
- 1512 Thinning and spinning 446
- 152 Explosion forming 449
- 15.3 Electromagnetic Forming
- 15.4 Electro-Hydraulic Forming 452
- 155 Superplastic Forming 454
- 156 Deepening of Temperature Difference 457
- 1561 Deep drawing of locally heated and cooled blanks 457
- 1562 Deep Cryogenic Drawing 458
- 157 Pulsating 460
- 158 Radial thrust deepening 461
- 16 Stamping Process Design 462
- 16.1 Contents and Steps of Process Design 462
- 1611 Design procedures 462
- 1612 The main content and steps of the design 463
- 1613 Preparation of process files and design specifications 465
- 162 Structure Technology of Stamping 466
- 1621 The structure of blanking parts
- 1622 The structure of curved parts 467
- 1623 Other hollow parts structure technology 468
- 16.3 Principles for determining stamping schemes 469
- 1631 List all single processes 469
- 1632 Preliminary Arrangement of Stamping Process Sequence 471
- 1633 Combination of Processes 474
- 1634 Analysis, Comparison, and Determination of the Best Process Plans 477
- 16.4 Principles for Determining the Size of Semi-Finished Products 478
- 16.5 Selection of Stamping Equipment 480
- 16.6 Examples of Process Design for Typical Stampings 483
- 1661 Process analysis of stamping parts 483
- 16.6.2 Analysis and Determination of Process Plans 484
- 1663 Crafting cards 487
- Reference 490 [1]