What Are the Different Levels of Cord Gauge?

The railway class is the class that divides the railway group according to some comparison point, and the road class is the same. There are different angles: road network status type, passenger and cargo orientation type, speed type, line number type and so on. The railway grade is the basic standard of the railway, and the relevant construction should be selected according to the grade.

The basis for classifying railways varies from country to country. The classification of railways can be based on single indicators and multiple indicators. These indicators include the technical characteristics and parameters of the railway itself.
Classes are assigned to railways based on their capacity and role in the railway network.
China's "Specifications for Design of Railway Lines" (GB50090-99) and "GB50090-2006" only concern traditional railways. Note: they do not include

Changes in railway hierarchy

The railway grade is a combination of technical grade (technical standard) and social grade (functional positioning). For example, China's high-speed rail regulations require high-speed passenger trains (minimum speeds of 250 per hour). Speed per hour is technical, and the passenger and cargo orientation is related to transport functions (function and status in the economic field).
The classification of railway grades has different angles or types, such as the status of the road network, speed per hour, and passenger-cargo orientation. The National Railway Class belongs to the status of the road network. skeleton).
In the traditional Chinese railway era, the technology is similar. The railway grade is almost equal to the social grade. There is only a simple classification in the national railway and subway.
The highest level of China's traditional railways is the National Railway , and the system is simple. There is no double track, no electrification, no MRT, and no passenger trains. The first double railway line in China was the Beijing-Guangzhou Double Railway. At that time, the high-speed railway had begun, and the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway was under construction. There is a new hierarchy in the era of high-speed rail and fast rail.
In the era of high-speed railway, various technologies have developed greatly. There are many levels in the technology hierarchy and various levels are greatly differentiated.
Main understanding: high-speed railway; large-scale and small-grade within the National Railway . The large-scale is fast-speed railway, ordinary railway, ordinary railway distribution, general-grade railway, and small-grade is single-line multi-line. People below the national railway level have low interest in understanding.

High speed

High-speed rail-fast rail-ordinary rail are three major grades, divided into high school low.
In the press release of "China Railways: China's high-speed railway network will cover more than 500,000 cities in 2015", China Railway Corporation stated that by the end of 2015, China's high-speed railway business mileage reached 18,000 kilometers and the rapid railway network reached 40,000 kilometers (the year The total railway mileage is 120,000 kilometers), which distinguishes high-speed rail-fast rail-ordinary rail.
Both high-speed and fast-speed trains run EMU trains. They are electrified railways, and ordinary railways have electric and gas types. Therefore, high-speed rail, fast rail, electricity and fuel can be said to be four major levels.
The National Railway includes two major grades, namely the express railway and the important ordinary railway. As for the National Railway , , and IV, and the subway and , they are usually ordinary railways.

Railway grade Other technical grade

In addition to speed, there are also technical levels such as number of lines (single-line multi-line), power (gas-electric), and rails. It should be said that some of them have a cross relationship with the speed level. There is a ballastless track in the track. High-speed rail generally uses ballastless tracks, especially.

Railway grade passenger and cargo grade

Passenger Dedicated Line-Passenger and Freight Line-Freight Dedicated Line: Three levels of passenger and cargo angles, divided into high, medium and low. Most railways are passenger-cargo lines, and a few are freight-only lines. Passenger-only lines are divided into high-speed railways (China requires that high-speed railways be used only as passenger-only railways) and fast-speed railways.
The status of passenger-only railways is higher than that of passenger-freight lines and freight-only lines.
Note: The grades of railways or lines in the approvals of China's high-speed railway projects are different, and some are high-speed railways and some are passenger-specific. Lobbying is a large type, which is higher than the passenger-cargo line and freight line. It belongs to the high-level railway. There is nothing wrong with it. Just as there are many levels of the national railway, some approvals simply indicate the large level, and some are further specific. Some of the people who wrote the report wrote roughly, and some wrote more carefully.

Overview of railway grades and road network grades

The new levels of the macro level of China's railways in the era of high-speed railways are: high-speed railways; national railways (including titled fast railways and important ordinary railways, top-ranking national is a two-line fast railway), national railways , national railways Class IV; Class I and II. For example, the German-Dalian Railway is a National Railway Class I and the Dalailong Railway is a Metro Class.
Noun: The national railway is the national railway, which is different from the local railway.
Difference : The level label (label) is different from the real level . For example, the first-level highway is labeled (may or may not be reduced later), and the expressway is the real first-level. The China Development and Reform Commission's approval for high-speed railway projects indicates high-speed railways or passenger-dedicated lines, while other railways indicate national railways and .

Large-scale expansion of railway class

In the middle stage of China's modernization in the rapid development of railways, the number of Class I railways has greatly expanded: Because a large number of Class II and III railways and new railways have become large railways, they have become part of the backbone.
There are different levels of backbones, some of which are definitely backbones, and there is no dispute. For example, the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway are definitely large backbones, while others are relative, rely on hanging into large railways and become their sections, and rely on prospect design and competition. .

Railway grade high-speed rail marked high-speed rail or passenger

High-speed railways occupy the main skeleton position of the national railway network, which is higher than the general (narrowly defined) Grade I, and the country is not marked.
Class I railways include high-speed railways in a broad sense, but are lower than high-speed railways in a narrow sense.
High-speed rail or passenger-only-and require the implementation of high-speed rail specifications (5 photos)
For the high-speed railway project approved by the National Development and Reform Commission, for the railway level, it will not be referred to as the National Railway level, which indicates that it is a high-speed railway or a passenger dedicated line (the text of the passenger-specific level will explain that other technical standards implement the "High-Speed Railway Design Code", etc. High-speed rail requirements, these two aspects have determined that the passenger-dedicated project is a high-speed rail grade.
Example 1: Comparison: The search shows that [National Development and Reform Commission's approval for renewal of the feasibility study report for the new Jinan-Qingdao high-speed railway [2015] No. 51], a grade indicates high-speed railway, and the speed is 350 kilometers per hour. and many more.
Comparison: April 21, 2014 "National Development and Reform Commission's Approval for the Renewal and Reform of the Jiangmen-Maoming Section of the New Shenzhen-Maoming Railway [2014] No. 713" explains the Shenmao Railway: [Functional positioning:
This project is an important part of the large coastal railway corridor. It is a passenger-oriented fast railway that takes freight into consideration. The main technical standards: line level: National Railway Class I ; number of main lines: double lines; design speed of passenger trains :
200 km / h. Other technical standards implement the Interim Provisions on the Design of New Passenger and Freight Railways with a Speed of 200 km / h (Tie Jian Han [2005] No. 285). Planned transport capacity: 40 million passengers per year and 5 million tons per year for freight.
Example 2: Comparison: 2014-11-05 Tencent s The National Development and Reform Commission approved seven railway projects for a total investment of 1998.66 billion yuan [2] Collected the approval documents for seven railway projects, of which 1) the grades indicate passenger-specific and require the implementation of The "High-speed Railway Design Specifications " are: the new Lianyungang-Zhenjiang railway (speed 250), the new Nanchang-Ganzhou railway project (speed 250); 2) The grade indicates the national railway class and requires compliance with the " Code for Railway Line Design " (GB50090-2006) ): Nankun railway Nanning to Baise section additional second-line engineering project (speed 120 kilometers per hour), new Golmud to Korla railway (not specified speed but content passenger and freight lines), new Luzhou-Ningde railway (speed 160), new The Heshun to Xingtai (Xiaokangzhuang) railway (speed is not specified but there are passenger and freight lines), the Xiangyun to Lincang railway (speed 160).
A number of coastal railways such as the Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway are widely known as high-speed railways, and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Second Line is called the Lanxin High-speed Railway (both online and offline are not fast enough for 250 hours per hour). In fact, it is not a Chinese version of the high-speed railway. 250 passenger dedicated lines, which are clearly specified in the National Development and Reform Commission's approval as a passenger-cargo line and National Railway level.

Railway class grade

In the contemporary era, the national railway includes fast railways and important ordinary railways, while there are several small railways .
The contemporary National Railway class has a large internal differentiation, with many levels, roughly three mid-range and six small levels :
The abbreviations are: three major grades: fast rail gear, electric universal gear, and fuel universal gear.
1) Rapid railway (160-250 per hour, is an electrified railway),
National Railway -including fast rail and important ordinary railways (3 photos)
Generally, there are two lines; some are single lines. For example, the Zhejiang-Ningbo Railway has a speed of 160 kilometers per hour, electrification, and a single line. The Tibet Lalin Railway is also the same.
The saying is: A railway is a national railway double-line electrified fast railway, such as a construction company of the Changbai Express Railway project. In fact, the use of EMUs by high-speed rail in high-speed rail necessarily includes electrified power; at this stage, fast-speed rail belongs to the country : the railway level includes the technical level and the social level, and the rapid railway contains the technical level and the social level. At the current stage, only The construction of fast railways in the national railway level, so it naturally has the status of national railway , in the future, it is possible that some national railways can also develop fast railways? Maybe, but the average speed per hour and the bottom line will increase, and the railway will develop rapidly. Low-level, increasingly connected railways will upgrade their status.
2) Electrified ordinary railways are divided into two lines and single lines.
3) Gas-fired ordinary railways are divided into two lines; single-line ones, such as the Suhuai Railway in the northern part of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, with a speed of 120 kilometers per hour, single lines, and gas (in the future, will be upgraded); Tibet and Japan-Rail railways are single-line, 2015 Perform electrification.
In addition, 160-250 kilometers of express railways are divided into different speed classes, and ordinary railways are 160 kilometers per hour and divided into different speed classes.
The contemporary National Railway includes: some express railways such as Changbaiwu Express Railway, Chongqing-Changsha Express Railway, Lalin Railway, etc .; some important (mainly main railways) ordinary railways, such as on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an hourly speed The ordinary railways, which are relatively slow, have low speeds per hour. The railways between Japan and Japan have a speed of 120 kilometers per hour.

Railway classOther national railway class

National Railway is higher than National Railway , and IV. Class III and Class IV are railways serving a certain area or a state-owned enterprise factory.
The national railway is higher than the subway . For example, the German-Dalian Railway is the National Railway and the Dalailong Railway is the Metro .
The lower is the enterprise railway dedicated line (not called railway only line).
Small-scale classification : There are small classifications in each level: based on single-line double-line, coal power, etc.

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