What Are the Different Types of Military Binoculars?

The optical systems of military telescopes vary. Most military telescopes have a reticle, and the reticle used at night is also illuminated. The exit pupil distance of military telescopes is relatively large so that observers can wear gas masks. In order to prevent hitting the head when shooting, some sighting pupils have a pupil exit distance as large as 70 to 80 millimeters, and appropriate soft and hard eye masks and foreheads are also required.

Military telescope

The optical systems of military telescopes vary. Most military telescopes have a reticle, and the reticle used at night is also illuminated. The exit pupil distance of military telescopes is relatively large so that observers can wear gas masks. In order to prevent hitting the head when shooting, some sighting pupils have a pupil exit distance as large as 70 to 80 millimeters, and appropriate soft and hard eye masks and foreheads are also required.

In terms of optical performance and structural performance, military telescopes are better and more reliable, because they are more prudent in design, with superior materials and sophisticated technology, such as good image quality, less stray light, and magnification that matches the entrance pupil size. Achieve the best resolution.

Due to high quality requirements, military telescopes ^[1]

To use a telescope, first set the vision. Use your hand-held telescope to look at distant targets that are kilometers away. Set the left and right eyes separately, turn the eyepiece dioptric screw until it is clear, and remember the number of divisions of the dioptric. Then set the eye distance. Observe with binoculars through the telescope and pull the telescope barrel to make the two fields of view merge into a circle. At this time, the number of divisions of the eye distance is the observer's eye distance. After using the telescope for the first time, you should remember your vision and eye distance, and then you can set it directly when you use it. When observing with a telescope, you should hold both hands and clamp your elbows against your chest. This posture is relatively stable. If there are fortifications or other supporting objects, your elbows should be supported as much as possible, especially using a high-power telescope. When using the telescope in snow and fog or strong daylight, you can put on a filter to make the observation clearer.

The dense division in military telescopes can use the formula "upper interval, lower 1000, dense position, and distance on both sides. If you want to find that number, multiply diagonally and divide adjacent edges", you can measure the directional angle, the high and low angle. And target distance. This is specifically described in "Military Topography" and is a required course for every officer or scout. ^[2]

China's military optical industry started in the mid 1930s. After 70 years of unremitting efforts, it has developed from the initial inspection and repair to a completely independent research and development in the 21st century. Domestic military telescopes have always been the mainstream collection of domestic military fans. According to the production order, there are about the following domestic military telescopes. ^[3]

Early military telescopes were Galileo structures. Although this kind of telescope has a simple structure and high light transmittance, the magnification and observation field of view are very small. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the military telescope has successfully solved the problems of multiples and field of view with the Pro prism structure. From the beginning of World War I to the end of World War II, military telescopes in this period were convenient to carry 6 × 24, 6 × 30, 8 × 30, which has a lot to do with the infantry's predominantly foot combat. The navy and armored units were mainly equipped with 7 × 50 and 10 × 50 telescopes with good observation stability but large size and weight. During this period, military telescopes used metal as the material of the mirror body. In the early days, brass was used more, and in the later period, aluminum alloy was used more. At that time, it was not considered necessary to use an expensive coating process on military telescopes. Most telescopes are uncoated.

During the Cold War and the post-Cold War era, the use environment of military telescopes has undergone tremendous changes, and the design of telescopes has also changed greatly. The first is the realization of mechanization. Users often use telescopes on bumper cars. This has higher requirements for the observation stability of telescopes, so 7 × 40 and 7 × 50 telescopes have become mainstream. Secondly, the shadow of nuclear and biochemical warfare makes people have to consider the use of gas masks when designing telescopes. Therefore, more and more eyepiece covers that can be folded (lifted) appear in military telescopes. This design is also rapidly Used by civilian telescopes to facilitate users with glasses. The widespread use of new technologies such as coating technology, image stabilization technology, lens covering, non-metallic materials, and laser protection has also greatly enhanced the performance of military telescopes. After entering the information age, various types of advanced detection equipment have weakened the role of the telescope to a certain extent, and military telescopes have not experienced qualitative leap and changes, but in the foreseeable future, as a close-up observation instrument, military telescopes will still Will continue to play an important role. ^[5]

The first telescope that flowed into our country was brought into Beijing by German missionary Tang Jowang 6 years (1626) tomorrow. Tang Ruowang and Li Zubai co-translated the book "The Telescope Talk" and introduced the production methods of western telescopes to China. In the 2nd year of Chongzhen (1629), the university scholar Xu Guangqi played with three telescopes to measure the astronomical phenomena. The telescope produced by Tang Ruowang emperor Chongzhen also went to see it. Earlier, Chinese folk made telescopes independently. It is recorded in the late Ming Dynasty by Sun Yunqiu of Suzhou. According to Kangxi's "Wu County Chronicle", boarding Tiger Hill and using Sun Yunqiu's "Senior Mirror" to try it out, "Foresight see the towers, towers, and several seats in the city, the scales, spirit rocks, and dome peaks. See. The earliest Chinese use of telescopes for military purposes was in Suzhou in the late Ming Dynasty. In Chongzhen, the invaders violated Anqing, the governor Zhang Guowei ordered a copper cannon, set a telescope to look at the enemy near and far, and the person in charge eroded. "Bo Xi creatively placed the telescope on the homemade artillery to improve the shooting accuracy.

In the Qing Dynasty, especially after the Opium War, foreign telescopes gradually entered China. For example, the portrait of Xiang Fei, painted by the palace painter Lang Shining in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, is a conspicuously holding a single binoculars. From the illustration of the book "Following Lord Erkin's Envoy to China and Japan" by British Russian Li Fan in 1859, we can see that the British and French coalition forces that invaded Guangzhou at the time used a monocular Galileo telescope (see color picture, France 16 type 10x telescope).

In May 1937, the Office of the Military Optical Equipment Factory of the KMT Military and Military Affairs Department, in accordance with Dutch drawings and materials, copied a sample of a Dutch-style 3x telescope within 3 months. In the same year, Gong Zu, a public student at the University of Berlin, was instructed to take an internship at the Hensolds plant in Germany. Under the guidance of Professor Witt, he designed a 6 × 30 (that is, 6x magnification and 30mm objective lens diameter) binocular military telescope with Jin Guanglu. In January 1939, Kunming 22 Arsenal (later merged with 51 Arsenal to 53 Arsenal) began trial production of binoculars. Three months later, China's first binocular military telescope was trial-installed. From 1939 to 1949, more than 20,000 were produced. This telescope was named after the then Minister of Military Affairs He Yingqin's "Kingzhi" and later renamed "Chinese official". The left and right eyepieces of this telescope can be adjusted as needed. The right eyepiece has a dense division for measurement. The lens body is decorated with a heat-resistant layer made of vulcanized leather. The large pattern is prominent and the appearance is rough. The oval markings of "Medium Formal" and "Made by the Ministry of Military Affairs" are embedded in the end surface of the lens body with extremely thin wires.

Prior to the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Kuomintang army not only taught Germany in tactical thinking, but also imported weapons or made imitations of Germany. Telescopes are no exception. The most famous "Zeiss" telescope has been imported from Germany. In the middle and late period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the main elements of the KMT army were equipped in batches with the M3 6 × 30 and M16 7 × 50 military telescopes produced by the Westinhausen Company provided by the United States. These two telescopes were heavily equipped for the Allied forces during World War II. It is worth mentioning that after the war, the Japanese Self-Defense Force and the Taiwan Army also imitated the US telescope equipment unit. Unlike the European-style telescope, the American-style telescope can only be opened from the rear (eyepiece) direction. This structure is reliable and has good sealing performance, but it is complicated to manufacture ,high cost.

Both the "Chinese official" of the Kuomintang army and the military show telescopes imported from Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom and Canada at different times have been seized in large quantities by the People's Liberation Army and become trophies for my use. For example, the Red Army had a German "Zeiss" 8 times seized in the anti- "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Area. It was always used by Zhou Enlai during the Anti-Japanese War; when Marshal Peng Dehuai commanded the Northwest Liberation War, he used 6 times of a German " Zeiss ". During the Liberation War, there were many American-style telescopes in the Northeast Field Army. For example, Marshal Luo Rongzheng used the M3 type 6 times telescope; Lieutenant General Hu Qicai, who is famous for commanding the Tashan blocking campaign, used the M167 times telescope. During the Anti-Japanese War, I The military seized 6 times as many military telescopes as the Japanese invaders. The Japanese telescope marked "Fuji" was actually a replica of the German "Zeiss". I, the Eighth Route Army-the five-question first battle of the Pingguan, was captured by the Japanese army according to the 21st Brigade of the Itagaki Division Of this kind of telescope. The Japanese army also has so-called "Gun Type II" 6x telescopes, and toko 8x and 10x telescopes.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of the telescopes equipped by the People's Liberation Army were imported from the Soviet Union, the Czech Republic, and Democratic Germany, such as the -6 (6 × 30) and -8 (8 × 30) telescopes imported into the Soviet Union in the 1950s, and 6 in the Czech Republic. × 30, 30 8 × 30 telescopes, and Zeiss 6 × 30, 8 × 30 and 7 × 50, 10 × 50, 15 × 50 telescopes manufactured by Jena, Democratic Germany Military telescopes, whether in optical system or appearance, Germany's "Zeiss" is the best, followed by the Soviet Union. The telescope in the Czech Republic has a rough appearance, and the lens body is not coated with a heat-resistant layer of vulcanized rubber, but is only painted with black paint.

In the early 1960s, China's telescopes, like other weapons and equipment, followed the path of self-designed production. China produced its own 62-type 15 × 50 telescope. These three domestic military telescopes are different in that a fixed drier is installed on the front cover of the prism chamber, especially the left objective lens of the 62-type 8x observation telescope is equipped with a photosensitive screen. The infrared light source can be seen through the eyepiece. Can be used to observe the enemy s use of infrared night vision equipment. In recent years, China has adopted advanced technology, and has designed and produced 12-times GG88-212 and 7-times Y / GG95-7 telescopes for the army. In addition to the good sealing performance and strong optical power of these two telescopes, a line-of-sight curve has been added to the measurement division to quickly read the approximate distance of the target.

The development of military telescopes in China is relatively late. Although the official 6x30 military binoculars were also developed before the liberation, they were mainly imported from Germany, the United States, and other countries, mainly 6x30 and 7x50, due to the limitation of the level and variety. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was a lot of waste and no military telescope production capacity. Therefore, a large number of military telescope equipment were imported from democratic Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Czech Republic, which were leading optical technologies in the socialist countries at that time. that. Zeiss 6x30, 8x30 and the Soviet Union's 6 (6x30) and 8 (8x30) are several types of medium magnification. In addition, there are a small number of Jena. ZEISS 7x50, 10x50, 15x50 large caliber. These telescopes represented the advanced level of the world at the time, and some can still be used today, but most of them are not good because of poor storage and frequent use. The lens coating has been scratched and moldy. The use value is not high. The number is very small, coupled with its famous name, so the collection value is very high, a Jena. Zeiss 6x30, 8x30 type products generally have a transaction price of seven or eight hundred yuan, and a caliber of 50mm is as high as more than one thousand yuan. ^[2]

Multifunctional digital military telescopes can be said to be essential equipment for modern digital battlefields.

Domestic "Vickert" multifunctional digital telescope

The "vector" series of multifunctional digital telescopes integrates the four functions of telephoto, distance measurement, north direction and angle measurement. The measured distance and angle data are directly transmitted to the terminal or computer in digital form. It has dozens of functions and is widely used. It is an indispensable equipment on the digital battlefield.

The "Vickert" series of telescopes were put on the market and equipped with troops in 1994. They consist of laser rangefinders, digital magnetic compasses, inclinometers, and optical and electronic components. They are multifunctional integrated telescopes. It adopts high-tech design and is a sophisticated intelligent observation and target reconnaissance system, which is convenient for conventional and special forces to perform various tasks, such as battlefield surveillance, orientation, ranging and angle measurement. This telescope can be held by hand or used on a tripod, which can make the magical effect of the first hit on the digital battlefield.

With the development of science and technology, various arms and services require good quality observation equipment, high precision, advanced technology, and durability, which can withstand the severe tests of current and future global military operations. The "Vickert" telescope belongs to the scientific research achievements of the forefront of electro-optical technology, and is a new generation of high-performance observation equipment. The optical system provides bright, clear images. Its coated lens protects the operator's eyes from 1.064 micron laser radiation emitted by enemy laser equipment. The laser rangefinder uses a first-level diode laser that is absolutely safe for the human eye. Digital magnetic compass direction measurement with inclinometer, high angle measurement accuracy.

The "Vickert" telescope is simple to operate and easy to use. Right-click to measure a target from 5 meters to -12 kilometers. The laser rangefinders of the Victor IV and Victor 21 telescopes use 1.55 micron potassium arsenide laser diodes, and their laser beams cannot be detected by laser alarms and low-light night vision devices. The "Vickert" 1500 telescope is the best observation equipment for snipers. It can accurately determine the target distance of more than 2000 meters (the maximum range of the sniper rifle is 2000 meters), which can avoid the sniper's visual error of the target distance and achieve the first hit effect.

The "Vickert" series of telescopes are rugged and reliable, capable of withstanding the severe tests of patrol units in long-term reconnaissance missions in snow-covered mountains or hot desert areas. In addition, the "Vickert" telescope is also suitable for maritime target reconnaissance. The telescope's water resistance is 1 meter deep, and it is still waterproof at 1 atmosphere pressure underwater. The telescope uses a die-cast aluminum casing and is covered with a durable shock-absorbing rubber sleeve, which is more suitable for use in amphibious environments. If you accidentally fall into the water, don't worry, it will float.

At present, the "Vickert" series of telescopes have been widely used in special forces, marines, border forces, infantry, artillery, sniper units and engineering construction.

US "Doctor Can" Tactical Telescope

The United States "Buhnell" tactical telescope is a new military telescope designed for the tactical characteristics of the US Navy. Because the mirror uses special XTR technology, its detection effect in low-light environments is better than infrared telescope Compared with high-power telescopes, high-brightness technology provides clearer imaging. Although it is only 7 times, it has made great breakthroughs in wide-field and stable vision technology. It is a true night vision telescope with high technical content. It breaks the shackles of traditional telescopes and opens up new fields of new military telescopes.

U.S. military M-22B 7x50 laser-resistant military telescope

The US Army's active telescope models are mainly M22B and M22G. The U.S. military used M22G extensively in the 1980s and early 1990s. It was produced by Steiner, but it is now basically retired and replaced by the M22B produced by Fujinon and Kama-Tech. The telescope is M22B. The M24 is a 7x28-sized compact telescope. It is lightweight but weak in light. It is mainly used for special forces that require lightness.

Domestic Boguan Qianlong Military Telescope

The 7X50 BOSMA Qianlong military telescope, a real military telescope, used by Chinese active duty forces, fully meets and exceeds the requirements of the US military standard (MIL-STD-810). It adopts comprehensive and precise multilayer coating, with high transmittance and sharp imaging, which makes the observation brightness, image quality and the authenticity of the object image color significantly better than similar telescopes at home and abroad.

Boguan BOSMA Binoculars 7X30 Army Dedicated

Adopting the best imaging quality design and broadband film technology, using high-quality optical materials to produce, this product is significantly better than similar domestic and foreign telescopes in terms of observation brightness, image quality and the authenticity of object color, with a transmission rate of 75 %, The image is clear.

High-purity nitrogen protection, professional waterproof, high sealing performance, can withstand 240Kpa overpressure inside, can be immersed in water 1.5m deep. Operating temperature range --- 25 ° C to + 55 ° C. Can withstand strong bumps and vibrations, and can withstand more than 30G gravity acceleration. There is a reticle inside the mirror, which can roughly measure the distance and orientation of the target, and can be connected to a tripod for long-term observation (refer to 7X30, 8X36 products with reticle). Adopting modular design, Marcorone material structure, durable, shock resistance and impact resistance are better than metal structure products.

Bo Guan Qianlong BOSMA Binoculars 7X30 Navy Dedicated

Bo Guan Qianlong military telescope features: military rangefinder reticle (with night lighting); built-in compass, clear orientation; less than 5 "resolution; Bo Guan Qianlong military telescope full anti-reflection blue film, clear and bright, challenging Extreme; military waterproof, nitrogen-filled, anti-fog and mildew-proof; Boguan Qianlong military telescope BAK4 prism, showing the perfect scene; grow pupils, large eyepieces, comfortable viewing. Boguan Qianlong military telescope in low light environments such as dusk and dawn and Observe the target clearly and comfortably while wearing a gas mask (or glasses).

Boguan Qianlong military telescope is suitable for occasions: Boguan Qianlong military telescope is widely used in military, public security, transportation, ocean, forestry, aviation, power, survey and other fields.

German STEINER telescope

STEINER is a well-known international telescope brand. German founder Cole founded the company in 1947. As a world-renowned expert in the telescope production industry, Sidel is constantly pursuing new lens technology. Major quality innovations include the strongest rubber case, internal nitrogen pressure system, 5m water resistance and precision applied Sidel lens coatings. At the same time, Topel is the first company known to put a compass on a telescope. Professional hunters, captains, captains, charterers, tourists, hikers, climbers, outdoor sportsmen, bird watchers, nature-loving people, and other countries all around the world trust and choose Delight because it has the most modern Lens technology, the most sophisticated processing, and all binoculars have been tested to the strictest US military standards.

1. Ensure that the telescope is stored in a ventilated, dry and clean place to prevent mold. If necessary, put a desiccant around the telescope and replace it frequently.

2. Dirty spots or stains on the lens should be gently wiped with a professional lens-cleaning cloth to avoid scratching the mirror surface. If you need to clean the mirror surface, you should use absorbent cotton to cover a little alcohol, and go from the center of the mirror to the edge of the mirror Wipe and continue to replace the absorbent cotton ball until the wipe is clean.

3 The telescope is a precision instrument. Do not drop, press, or perform other vigorous actions on the telescope.

4 Non-professionals should not try to disassemble the telescope and clean the inside of the telescope by yourself.