What are the different types of semiconductor material?

semiconductors are essential components of modern electronic devices and are therefore one of the basic building blocks of modern technologies. In order to be suitable as a semiconductor material, they must have electrical conductivity that lies between insulators that lead very little electricity, and conductors that allow electricity to flow very easily. Most semiconductor materials are crystalline inorganic solids, although there are also semiconductors made of amorphous solids and liquids. Common semiconductor materials include silicon, arsenide Gallium and Nitrid Gallia, although others also exist. In addition to these primary materials, semiconductors often also contain small amounts of other substances, known as Dopanty.Alence Band for higher energy, less crowded conductive bands. This allows the powered electrons to move freely with the material while creating positively charged gaps in the valence zone called Electron Hole. This allows you to flow through the electricity with a semiconductor. By manipulating waterThe semiconductor can be used as a switch. Semiconductors are also used to create solar energy and light -detecting sensors because they can produce electric current flow when they are suitably under the tension of the light of light.

The most commonly used semiconductor material is silicon, 14. The element on the periodic table and one of the most common elements in the Earth's crust. Most silicon semiconductors have a regular crystalline structure in which their atoms are arranged, but it is also possible to use non -crystalline or amorphous silicon. Amorphic silicon semiconductories Nferior compared to crystalline silicon, but amorphous silicon can be stored in much thinner layers, which can reduce the cost of material.

Another most common semiconductor material is the folded arsenide Gallium (Gaas). Arsenid Gallium is better than silicon in a row of considerations such as faster switching and greater heat resistance. IsHowever, it is also more expensive to process and thus usually used only for applications where silicon is insufficient. It also suffers from higher energy consumption. Arsenide Gallium is commonly used for purposes such as high -speed electronics and highly effective photovoltaic cells.

Another compound of Gallia used for semiconductors is the Gallia (GAN) nitride (GAN), which can work at very high temperatures and voltages, and is therefore often used for applications involving microwave ovens. Gallia nitrid is also used in diodes emitting light (LED) and high -frequency laser diodes, as well as in some military radars. This can be combined with other semiconductor material, india (Inn) nitride (Inn), to form a mixture called nitride India Gallia. India Gallia nitride is commonly used in LEDs and can also be an extremely effective material for solar cells.

Semiconductors often contain small amounts of dopants to change their conductive properties according to their function. Between a runEdits in silicon include elements of Borona, phosphorus and arsenic. Gallium arsenid and gallium nitride doped with metals such as manganese have semiconductor and ferromagnetic properties.