What are the characteristics of the transistor?

transistors are part of electronic devices that control and amplify the flow of electricity in the device and are considered one of the most important inventions in the development of modern electronics. Among the important properties of the transistor that affect the way the transistor acts is profit, structure and polarity of the transistor and building materials. Transistor characteristics may vary considerably according to the purpose of the transistor.

Transistors are useful because they can use a small amount of electricity as a signal to control the flow of much larger quantities. The ability to do this is called a transistor profit, which is measured as the ratio of the output that the transistor produces to the input needed to create this output. The higher the output due to the input, the higher the profit. This ratio can be measured in terms of energy, voltage or current of electricity. Profit decreases with increasing operating frequencies.

Characteristics transistor varies according to the composition of the transistor. Common materials include semiconductorSilk, Germanium and Gallium arsenid (Gaas). Arsenide Gallium is often used for transistors that operate at high frequencies because its electron mobility, the speed at which the electrons move with semiconductor material is higher. It can also work safely at higher silicon or Germanic transistors. Silicon has lower electrons than other transistor materials, but is commonly used because silicon is cheap and can work at higher temperatures than Germanium.

One of the most important transistor characteristics is the design of the transistor. The bipolar connecting transistor (BJT) has three terminals called the base, collector and emitter, while the base lies between the collector and the emitter. A small amount of electricity moves from the base to the emitter, and a low voltage change causes much greater changes in the flow of electricity between the emitter layers and the collector. Bjt toThey are bipolar because they use both negatively charged electrons and positive electron openings as carriers.

In the transistor (FET) in the field (FET), only one type of charge carrier is used. Each FET has three semiconductor layers called the gate, drain and source that are analogous to the BJTS base, collector and emitter. Most FET also has a fourth terminal known as the body, volume, base or substrate. Whether FET uses electrons or electron holes to carry cartridges depends on the composition of different semiconductor layers.

Each semiconductor terminal in the transistor may have positive or negative polarity, depending on what substances the main semiconductor material is subsidized by the transistor. Small dirt of arsenic or phosphorus is added in type d doping. Each atom doptens five electrons in its outer mantle. The outer shell of each silicon atom has only four electrons, so every atom of arsenic or phosphorus provides excess electron that withE can move the semiconductor, giving him a negative charge. For type P doping, Gallium or Boron, which have three electrons in the outer shell, are used instead. This gives the fourth electron in the outer shell of silicon atoms with which they do not grow, and produces the corresponding carriers of a positive charge called electron openings into which the electrons can move.

transistors are also classified according to the polarity of their components. In NPN transistors, the middle terminal - base in BJTS, has a FET gate - positive polarity, while two layers on both sides are negative. In the PNP transistor, this is the opposite.