What is an Oil Vacuum?

The oil pumping unit is a kind of machinery and equipment for extracting petroleum, which is commonly known as a hoe. Pumping unit is the most important lifting equipment in rod pumping system. According to whether there is a beam, it can be divided into beam pumping units and beamless pumping units. ^[1]

The basic characteristics of the beam pumping unit are simple structure, easy manufacture, and convenient use, especially it can operate in the oil field for a long time and is reliable to use. Therefore, despite its shortcomings, such as large acceleration, poor balance effect, low efficiency, large volume and bulky in long stroke, it is still the most widely used pumping unit at present.

In order to improve the performance of the pumping unit, increase the energy saving effect, reduce the weight and floor space of the whole unit, the beamless pumping units that have been applied in the field in recent years mainly include chain pumping units and steel wire pumping units.

The main technical parameters of the pumping unit include the rated suspension point load, the maximum stroke of the polished rod, the rated torque of the reducer and the maximum stroke. The definitions and numbers have been specified in the standard.
Rated hanging point load : The rated value of the pulling force of the polished rod at the hanging rod, kN. It mainly determines the working capacity of the pumping unit and affects the pump diameter and pump depth of the downhole pump.
Smooth rod maximum stroke : Adjust the stroke adjustment mechanism of the pumping unit to obtain the maximum displacement of the polished rod, m; it mainly determines the basic size and weight of the pumping unit and affects the output of the oil well.
Maximum strokes : When the maximum allowable diameter belt pulley is designed on the output shaft of the power machine or when the minimum diameter tape pulley is allowed on the input shaft of the reducer, the strokes obtained by the pumping unit are mainly related to the power of the pumping unit. Equipped with the same impact as the highest stroke, it will affect the production of the well.
Reducer rated torque : the maximum allowable torque of the reducer output shaft, kN.m; it mainly determines the size and weight of the reducer, and it has a certain relationship with the above three parameters, which is related to the configuration of the power of the pumping unit and affect Selection of oil well conditions.

Inspection and preparation before startup

1. Check whether the important parts are intact (such as foundation bolts, brakes, crank pin of beam pumping unit, etc. for defects and looseness).

2. Check whether the gearbox oil is appropriate (if not used for a long time, you can make a preliminary judgment by observing whether there is oil leakage or oil theft).

3. Check if there are no objects that hinder operation.

4. Check whether the oil well process is correct and unblocked.

5. Check whether the power supply system is normal (focus on checking whether various protection and grounding devices are good. If there is a transfer switch, it should be in the manual position. Close the main power switch and check whether the voltage is within -5% to + 10% of the rated value. ).

Start operation

1. Remove the brake safety lock block and release the brake (note whether the brake shoe is completely released).
2. After the pumping unit is at a standstill, jog the manual start-stop button (stand on the side of the power distribution control cabinet, and you should wear insulating gloves in rainy and snowy seasons), and observe if there is any abnormal situation and remove it in time (such as start-up, belt slip, There are abnormal sounds, etc.).

3. If there is a changeover switch, press it to the normal position, and then press the start button (if it fails to start at one time, use inertia to start 2-3 times. If it still does not move, check it, and then try again after the problem is eliminated. Start the pumping unit).

Inspection work after startup

1. Check for abnormal noise. 2. Check for odor. 3. Check for abnormal colors. 4. Check for vibration. 5. Check for oil leakage. 6. Check for overload.

Shutdown operation

1. When the pumping unit is running at the required position, press the stop button.

2. Slowly brake the brakes slowly to stop the pumping unit at the required position (when the gas volume of the oil well is large, it should be stopped at the bottom dead center; when the sand content is large, it should be stopped at the top dead center. During maintenance, (Should stop in a convenient location).

3. Attach the brake safety lock block.

4. If there is a changeover switch, you should move it to the manual position and turn off the main power switch.

The pumping unit is actually the same as the pumping principle of the wells we usually pump at home. It also pumps up the oil through the pumping action of a piston rod (pump rod), and then sends it away through the buried pipeline. The only difference is that the action of this lever is driven by a motor.

At present, there are many forms of pumping units in China. The common one is the one with a large fan-shaped iron block that is seen on television. It moves back and forth and becomes a "giant machine". It is also driven by a linear motor and has a small size. It is said that the energy saving effect is better, but the cost is relatively high.

The shape design of the pumping unit is not for energy saving, but to consider from the perspective of reducing the impact on the power grid, because we know that when the sucker rod falls, the motor does not do work. On the contrary, the electric energy is fed back to the grid There are many oil engines, and the electric energy fed back causes serious distortion of the power grid. Therefore, some pumping units now have various processing methods such as feedback braking or feedback inverter.

There are two main categories of power saving technologies for pumping units : one is the development of different types of pumping unit energy-saving motors, such as ultra-high slip motors, three-phase

Tower type CNC pumping unit belongs to the "long stroke, low stroke" mechatronics pumping unit, which is a modern

At present, countries around the world still use beam pumping units on a large scale. There are more than a dozen manufacturers of beam pumping units in the United States with a variety of models and models. In addition, Britain, France, the former Soviet Union, Romania and other countries have Manufacturer of a variety of pumping units.

American API Spec11E "Specifications for Pumping Units" stipulates that there are 77 specifications of pumping units, the maximum load of the suspension point is 9 ~ 214 kN, and the stroke length is 0.4 ~ 7.6 m. Lufkin is the earliest and largest company to produce pumping units in the United States. It produced the first beam pumping unit in the United States in 1923. In 1931, it developed the first two-balanced crank balance pumping unit. The mounted pumping unit is also the first company to produce front-mounted gas-balanced pumping units. At present, Lufkin company produces B, C, M, A and other 4 series of pumping units, B series beam beam pumping unit has 8 specifications, the maximum load of the suspension point is 24 to 49.4 kN, the stroke length is 0.6 to 1.21 m. C series crank balanced pumping unit has 64 kinds of specifications, the maximum load of the suspension point is 24 ~ 165.5 kN, and the stroke length is 0.76 ~ 4.2 m. The M-series front-mounted pumping unit has 46 specifications, the maximum load of the suspension point is 64.86 ~ 193.68 kN, and the stroke length is 1.62 ~ 5.68 m. The A series of front-mounted gas-balanced pumping units have 26 specifications, the maximum load at the suspension point is 78.47 ~ 213.1 kN, and the stroke length is 1.62 ~ 6.09 m.

Russia produces 13 types of beam pumping units with a maximum suspended point load of 20 ~ 200 kN and a stroke length of 0.6 ~ 6 m. It also produces 20 types of crank rocker-type pumping units with a maximum load of 10 ~ 200 kN at the suspension point and a stroke length of 0.4 ~ 6 m. It also produces 06M, hydraulically driven, balanced hydraulic cylinder type pumping units without beams, with a maximum load of 150 kN at the suspension point and a maximum stroke length of 10 m.

French Mape company produced 12 kinds of crank balance beam pumping units with a maximum load of 160 kN at the suspension point and a maximum stroke length of 4.2 m. It also produces H-series long-stroke hydraulically driven pumping units with a maximum load of 199 kN at the suspension point, a maximum stroke length of 10 m, and a maximum stroke of 5 min-1. In addition, Mape also produces vertical inclined well pumping units and hydraulic cylinder pumping units, both of which have formed a series.

The integrated hydraulic, electric and gas integrated HEP pumping unit produced in Canada has a maximum load of 72 ~ 103.9 kN at the suspension point and a stroke length of 1.63 ~ 4.27 m, which has good performance.

Romania produced 51 types of beam pumping units according to American API standards, with a maximum load of 194 kN at the suspension point and a maximum stroke length of 4.8 m. It also produces 35 types of front-mounted pumping units, with a maximum load of 194 kN at the suspension point, a maximum stroke length of 5.4 m, and 7 types of reducers with a maximum torque of 105.1 kN · m. In addition, Romania also produces a front-mounted gas-balanced pumping unit with a maximum load of 152 kN at the suspension point and a maximum stroke length of 4.2 m.

There are dozens of domestic pumping unit manufacturers, and the product types have been diversified, but the beam pumping unit is still in a dominant position. According to published statistics, there are currently 45 new types of pumping units in 6 categories in China, and about 30 new types of pumping unit patents each year, and more than ten new trial-pumping units have formed a series, which basically meets the requirements. The need for onshore oilfield extraction.

According to market supply and demand information, in 2007, Daqing Oilfield Equipment Manufacturing Group successfully developed a new type of pumping unit, DCYJY-3-53HB pumping unit. At the same time, in order to meet the construction needs of Daqing Oilfield, this group also carried out a series of research and development work on DCYJY10-3-37HB and DCYJY-2.5-26HB low-stroke pumping units and planned to develop a series of double-donkey low-stroke pumping units. ^[3]