What is Commercial Architecture?

Commercial buildings are buildings for people to engage in various business activities. Including: retail stores, shopping malls, wholesale markets, such as various daily necessities and production materials; trading venues in the financial and securities industries; and business office buildings for operating and managing business activities; various service industry buildings, including hotels (including hotels, Hotels, guest houses, etc.), restaurants (including Chinese and Western restaurants, restaurants, bars, etc.), cultural and entertainment facilities (such as karaoke dance halls, etc.), clubs (also known as member clubs, providing members with rest, eating, partying, cultural entertainment and Physical activity, etc.).

Commercial buildings are collectively referred to as types of buildings that provide space for people to conduct business activities. It exhibits different architectural form characteristics in each stage of social development, from the ancient market of "bartering and bartering", "Japan, China to the city", the front store to the back store-style store development to department stores, supermarkets, shopping centers The functions of modern commercial buildings with various forms of space have evolved into a space environment that requires service, show, casual, and culture. ^[1]

There is a record of "Zuo Zu You She, facing the market" in China's Kao Gong Ji. The "market" is a commercial market. Europe in

The design characteristics of various commercial buildings are as follows:

Commercial building site selection is a crucial link in the development of commercial building projects. The dominant factor in the location of modern commercial buildings is, of course, the commercial value of the plot itself and the prospects for commercial development. In the commercial land stipulated in the city plan, select alternative parcels, select several target parcels for analysis and comparison, and determine the final site selection. Among them, in the analysis and comparison of target plots, factors such as the area, location, and price of the plots dominate, and preliminary assessments of the impact on the transportation environment, ecological environment, and economic situation of surrounding cities have attracted more and more attention.

1 From the analysis of urban traffic environment, the site should not be located on the main road of the city. The characteristics of urban traffic arterial roads determine its high traffic flow and fast speeds. At the same time, urban planning strictly controls openings to cars on roads. Such constraints would in turn limit customers' access to commercial buildings. Commercial buildings can be clearly seen on the main road, but often they are easily missed because of the few entrances. At the same time, as a large commercial building that has a strong attraction for surrounding people, it will itself be a traffic hub with a large amount of traffic. It should not be close to the main road of urban transportation to avoid negative impact on the urban transportation network, so it has a considerable scale Commercial buildings should be adjacent to the main road rather than close to the main road.

2 The developers and operators of commercial buildings hope that customers can reach the interior of commercial buildings through as short a streamline as possible, so they always prefer to locate new commercial buildings close to large residential areas. However, in the future operation process of commercial buildings, it will cause quite a lot of pollution to the surrounding areas, such as

Types of modern commercial buildings

1. According to industry type: retail commercial buildings, wholesale commercial buildings (comprehensive commercial buildings also include catering, entertainment and leisure, fitness services, etc.).

Retail commercial buildings can be divided into grocery stores, specialty stores, grocery stores, department stores, supermarkets, shopping malls, and commercial streets.

2. According to consumption behavior:

1 Article type commercial buildings (taking articles as the basic business content, such as department stores, supermarkets, etc.);

2 Experience-type commercial buildings (buildings that provide consumers with a certain physical and mental experience, such as entertainment and leisure buildings).

3 Catering buildings (between the item format and the experience format).

3. According to the form of construction:

1 Independent (single) commercial building; 2 Composite commercial building (commercial complex) combines commercial, residential, hotel, office and other functional spaces;

3 commercial and residential buildings combined type) combines commercial and residential functions.

4. According to market scope:

1Commercial commercial buildings;

2Regional commercial buildings-facing consumers in several surrounding communities;

3 urban commercial buildings: facing the entire city;

4 Super commercial buildings: For cities and consumers outside the city.

5. According to the scale of the building: The "Code for the Design of Store Buildings" (JGJ48-88) classifies commercial buildings into large, medium and small categories.

It is mainly divided by the materials used for its load-bearing structure. Generally it can be divided into steel structure, reinforced concrete structure, brick-concrete structure, brick-wood structure and so on. There are many types of building structural forms, and there are many different classification methods. The most common classification method is to classify the materials used in the main load-bearing components of the building and the structural layout. Classification of materials used in building main load-bearing components

1 The material used for the main load-bearing members of wooden structures is timber single-story buildings

2 The load-bearing material of the mixed structure is masonry, and the floor and roof are reinforced concrete single-story or multi-story buildings.

3 The materials used for the main load-bearing components of reinforced concrete structures are reinforced concrete multi-storey, high-rise and super-tall buildings

4 Steel and concrete composite structure material for main load-bearing components National steel and concrete super high-rise buildings

5 The materials used for the main load-bearing components of steel structures are steel heavy-duty powerhouses, powerhouses, movable or detachable buildings, super high-rise buildings or high-rise buildings

A. Reinforced concrete structure

It refers to the main load-bearing structures of the house, such as columns, beams, slabs, stairs, and roofs made of reinforced concrete, and the walls are filled with bricks or other materials. This structure has good seismic performance, strong integrity, strong resistance to corrosion and fire, durable, and has a relatively large compartment and depth, and free space division. Many and high-rise houses adopt this structure. The disadvantage is that the process is more complicated and the construction cost is higher.

B. Frame structure housing

It refers to a house made of reinforced concrete and cast into load-bearing beams and columns, and then assembled with prefabricated aerated concrete, expanded perlite, pumice stone, frog stone, ceramsite and other light-weight partition boards.

C. Brick-concrete residence

"Brick" in a brick-concrete structure refers to a uniformly sized building material. There are also shaped clay bricks of other sizes, such as hollow bricks. "Mixed" refers to reinforced concrete parts made of steel, ice, sand, and water in a certain ratio, including floor slabs, lintels, stairs, balconies, and canopies. These parts can be combined with brick-made load-bearing walls. It is called brick-concrete structure house. Due to seismic requirements, brick-concrete houses are generally below 5-6 floors.

D. Steel-concrete structure housing

The structural material of this type of house is reinforced concrete, that is, a mixture of steel, cement, coarse and fine aggregate (crushed stone), water, etc. The house of this structure has the advantages of good seismic performance, strong integrity, strong anti-corrosion ability, durability, etc., and the rooms have relatively large openings and depths, and space division is relatively free. Many high-rise residences adopt this structure. The disadvantage is that the process is more complicated and the construction cost is higher.

E. Brick and wood structure housing

The load-bearing structure is a wooden member of a brick wall, which is convenient for separation, light weight, simple technology, single material, poor fire and corrosion resistance, and short durability. It is generally not recommended in cities in rural and old urban areas.