What Are the Different Types of Healthcare Administration Courses?

The hospital management mode is the operation mode and adopted style of hospital management. Hospital management models in different countries are not the same. It is closely related to the country's social system, economic conditions, cultural background, medical care system, market economy model and other factors, that is, diversified models.

Medical management model

The hospital management model is

The United States practices the most typical

Britain is both a traditional

Japan implements a market-based "government-oriented market economy" in the economic system, and promotes the principles of private property, contractualization, and self-responsibility.

In the economic system, France implements a "hybrid market economy model" guided by the government, which fully reflects the market operating mechanism with French characteristics. The government allows free pricing. However, the government has allowed for such things as electricity, gas, water, gasoline, public transport, post and telecommunications, and state-owned hospitals. Direct intervention in prices and fees for medical services, medicines, state-owned housing, and taxis is freedom under government surveillance

Germany s economic system is "

In terms of economic system, Russia belongs to a socially oriented market economy model that is in transition. Since the planned economic system has been implemented for more than 80 years, the state has a high degree of monopoly on the economy. Although the "shock therapy" is now being implemented, the market system is still incomplete and is still in the formative period.

Singapore is pushing the government

China's hospital management model has experienced three development periods: Before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the hospital management model mainly applied the model of the United States, Britain, Germany, and other countries, especially church hospitals, similar to the model of the church country that established hospitals; The main characteristics of the implementation of the planned economy management model are: the party's leadership has the highest status in the hospital, and the dean is in charge of the hospital's business work under the leadership of the party organization; The "three lows" policy of low drug prices and low employee wages; due to the low level of national economic development, hospital funding is difficult, and hospital conditions are poor; the majority of patients are public expenses and labor insurance patients. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of reform and opening up policies, hospitals have continuously changed in terms of funding sources, leadership management systems, financial management, employee bonuses, etc., which is gradually moving from a planned economy to a commodity economy and a market economy. The institutional transition has transformed the hospital from a purely welfare type to a public welfare institution that reflects the nature of government welfare; from the government's sole appropriation to multi-channel and multi-form medical treatment; from all public or collective hospitals to multi-ownership hospitals; The leadership of the party and the government has been transformed into the president's responsibility system or the president's responsibility system under the leadership of the party organization. It has shifted from not paying attention to the responsibility of employees to various forms of responsibility and incentives. Attaching importance to the productivity, operation, and efficiency of hospitals; shifting from a purely medical service organization to focusing on expanding prevention and regional health planning; shifting from a simple basic medical service to a variety of special needs services on the premise of ensuring basic medical care; From the hospital's purely completed medical services to the establishment of a tertiary industry at the same time to improve the hospital's self Compensation capacity; "iron rice bowl", "iron rice bowl" into the coexistence of competition from a variety of running the hospital system efficiency from a single system and be content with running the hospital. In short, the hospital has achieved remarkable results and great development through reform.

In the 50 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, hospital management in China has accumulated both positive and negative experience, both in terms of practice and theory. In particular, it adheres to the socialist direction of serving the people and serving socialist construction under the leadership of the party and government. The construction of spiritual civilization, adhere to reform and opening up, adhere to relying on the majority of medical staff and improve their quality, adhere to the guiding ideology of patient-centered and quality-centered, adhere to the promotion of science and education and attach importance to technological construction, adhere to the three-level medical and health network and Attach importance to the development of rural health care, adhere to the economic law and rational use of hospital resources, adhere to the principle of simultaneous and traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, rely on the three forces of western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and integrated Chinese and western medicine, adhere to the expansion of prevention and guide the hospital work with a view of general health, and rely on The whole society's support and multi-channel and multi-form medical treatment are worthy of our continued adherence and development. However, it should also be recognized that there are still some problems in China's hospital management. The main manifestations are as follows: The hospital management model has basically not adapted to the transformation of the modern medical model, and the wrong practice of artificially separating medical treatment from prevention has basically not been obtained. Correction; There are still many problems in the hospital's leadership system, the division of labor between the party and the government, the division of government and doctors, the dean's responsibility system, the dean's real responsibility, responsibility, power, and leadership. Relationship between democratic management, etc. There are still many shortcomings in the hospital's "iron rice bowl", personnel training, and mobility issues in the personnel system; There are both "big pot rice" in the distribution system and problems that do not reflect remuneration according to work. There is also the problem of unreasonable distribution and the "grey income" of a few hospitals, which seriously affects the enthusiasm of most medical staff; The contradiction between the nature of hospitals, charging standards and the country's main channels has not been rationalized from theory to practice; There are not only weak side of management, but also problems of unreasonable charges and expensive medical treatment. One of the hot social concern. After the introduction of the national medical system reform plan, hospitals will face a large number of conflicting issues of fundraising and career development; The problem of "grasping with both hands and having both hands" has not yet been fundamentally resolved, and there are existing aspects of industry ethics and professional ethics construction Some of the problems are shocking; In the field of hospital management, it is common that hospital management theory lags behind management practice, and management philosophy lags behind management theory. Some hospitals do not even attach importance to scientific management of hospitals, and the hospital leadership and management staff lack sufficient Management theory and practical experience, the road to professionalization of hospital management team is still relatively distant; (1) there are many problems in medical quality, and the gap between discipline leader training and technical construction is relatively large compared with advanced foreign hospitals; It is imperfect, and there is a big gap in administering the hospital according to the law. The contradiction between the application of law and treatment in the treatment of medical disputes is prominent. In short, there are still many problems in the vitality, efficiency, and effectiveness of the hospital. Although these are contradictions and difficulties in progress, they still need to be carefully resolved. Only in this way can the hospital be adapted to the development needs of the new century and the level of our hospital management Up and exceed the level of foreign developed countries.