What Is the History of Distance Education?

Distance education, in some documents issued by the Ministry of Education, also refers to modern distance education as online education , which is one of the adult education qualifications. It refers to the teaching mode that uses television and the Internet and other communication media. It breaks through the boundaries of time and space and is different from the traditional teaching mode of school accommodation. Students using this teaching mode are usually amateurs. You do nt need to go to a specific location, so you can take classes anytime, anywhere. Students can also learn from each other through various channels such as television broadcasting, Internet, tutoring hotline, classroom research institute, face-to-face (correspondence) and other channels. It is a new concept generated by the application of modern information technology in education, that is, education carried out using network technology and the environment. The enrollment target is not limited by age and previous education, which provides the opportunity for the general public to improve their education.

Basic Information

Chinese name
Distance Education
Applied discipline
psychology

List of distance education pilot universities

Some training institutions and individuals use the name of modern distance education pilot colleges and universities to conduct online education through the Internet and other media. No exams, one-year evidence collection, exams have answers, thesis is guaranteed to pass, zero barriers to obtaining a certificate False propaganda such as "package graduation", "package graduation", etc. have seriously damaged the social reputation of the pilot college online colleges, misleading and deceiving candidates. A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued a warning on online education enrollment for colleges and universities in 2013, reminding the majority of online education candidates: Do nt trust the above-mentioned false publicity when registering, log on to the regular website, check the online education admissions documents of the Ministry of Education, and directly communicate with the qualified Colleges and universities of modern distance education have contacted for registration.
In 2013, a total of 68 pilot universities of modern distance education (see attachment for the list) can launch online higher education education. Candidates can check the enrollment brochures of pilot universities and colleges through the regular websites such as the "University Online Education Sunny Admissions Service Platform", the website of the pilot university online education college, and the "China Modern Distance and Continuing Education Network" to learn about the admission conditions and learning of online education. Forms, years of study, diplomas, degree awards, electronic registration, fees and other policies. [1] [2] [3]
The pilot universities' off-campus learning centers (including those set up by the modern distance education public service system approved by the Ministry of Education) that have been approved by the relevant provincial education administrative department and passed the annual inspection can only cooperate with the unified organization of the pilot universities to conduct enrollment work. It is not allowed to conduct enrollment and admission work on its own, it is strictly forbidden to entrust individuals or intermediary agencies to act as agents for enrollment, and it is strictly forbidden for other institutions to enroll in violation of regulations in the name of pilot universities. Candidates are advised not to trust the false promotion and promises of recruitment agencies, unqualified admissions agencies and some websites, and beware of being deceived. If you find any false admissions, illegal admissions or use of online education to implement admissions fraud, you should report to the education and public security departments in a timely manner.
Sort by school code
Peking University, Renmin University of China, Tsinghua University *, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China Agricultural University, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing Language University, Communication University of China, University of International Business and Economics, University of Science and Technology of China, Central Conservatory of Music, Nankai University, Tianjin University, Dalian University of Technology, Northeastern University, China Medical University, Northeast University of Finance and Economics, Jilin University, Northeast Normal University, Harbin University of Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University (including medical school), East China University of Science and Technology, Donghua University, East China Normal University, Shanghai Foreign Studies University, Nanjing University, Southeast University, Jiangnan University, Zhejiang University, Xiamen University, Fujian Normal University, Shandong University, China University of Petroleum (East China), Zhengzhou University, Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan University of Technology, Central China Normal University, Hunan University, Central South University, Sun Yat-sen University, China South China University of Technology, South China Normal University, Sichuan University, Chongqing University, Southwest Jiaotong University, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Southwest University, Southwest University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xidian University, Shaanxi Normal University, Lanzhou University, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Central Radio and Television University.
Note: The schools with * are qualified for admission, but they will not be admitted in 2013.

Distance Education Definition Explained


narrow sense
Distance education refers to a specific educational organization that comprehensively applies technology from a certain social period, collects, designs, develops and uses various educational resources, builds an educational environment, and provides students with technology, education resources, and educational environments based on a certain social period. Provides educational services, and organizes group meetings and exchanges (for traditional face-to-face or modern electronic means) for students for the purpose of teaching and socialization. A collective term for all practical activities for the purpose of helping and promoting distance learning for students. . In all activities, teachers maintain a quasi-permanent separation from students in the form of educational resources or learning facilitators; and students and educational organizations (teachers) or students and students will be established through the establishment of Two-way or multi-directional communication mechanisms maintain instant sessions. Modern distance education in China is sometimes called online education.
Distance Education Classroom
On behalf of the distance education institution is the college of online education or modern distance education college. Network education is a new concept produced by the application of modern information technology to education, that is, education using network remote technology and the environment. In some documents issued by the Ministry of Education, modern distance education is also called online education. [2]
Generalized
Distance education is a form of education in which students and teachers, students, and educational organizations mainly adopt multiple media methods for systematic teaching and communication. It is an education that transfers courses to one or more students outside the campus. Modern distance education refers to education that transfers courses off-campus through audio, video (live or video), and computer technology including real-time and non-real-time. Modern distance education is a new type of education with the development of modern information technology. The development of computer technology, multimedia technology, and communication technology, especially the rapid development of the Internet, has made a qualitative leap in the means of distance education, and has become a distance education under high-tech conditions. Modern distance education is based on modern distance education methods. It is compatible with traditional teaching methods such as face-to-face, correspondence and self-study.
Modern distance education can effectively make use of the characteristics of distance education. It is a kind of teaching activity that is opposite to face-to-face education, separation of teachers and students, and non-face-to-face organization. It is a cross-school, cross-region education system and teaching mode. Yes: students are separated from teachers; specific transmission systems and communication media are used for teaching; information transmission methods are diverse; the place and form of learning are flexible. Compared with face-to-face education, the advantage of distance education is that it can break through the constraints of time and space; provide more learning opportunities; expand the scale of teaching; improve the quality of teaching; reduce the cost of teaching. Based on the characteristics and advantages of distance education, many people of insight have realized the significance and broad prospects of developing distance education. [2]

Development of Distance Education

The development of distance education in China has gone through three generations: the first generation is correspondence education, which has trained many talents for our country, but the correspondence education has greater limitations; the second generation is the radio and television education that emerged in the 1980s. This method of distance education and China Central Television University enjoy a good reputation in the world; in the 1990s, with the development of information and network technology, a third-generation modern distance education based on information and network technology was produced.
At the end of 1994, under the auspices of the State Education Commission at the time, the "China Education and Research Computer Network (CERNET) Demonstration Project" was jointly constructed by 10 universities including Tsinghua University. This is the first public computer network in China that uses the TCP / IP protocol.
In 1996, President Wang Dazhong of Tsinghua University first proposed the development of modern distance education; in 1997, Hunan University first cooperated with Hunan Telecom to build an online university. Tsinghua University launched an online postgraduate course in 1998.
In September 1998, the Ministry of Education officially approved Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Zhejiang University and Hunan University as the first batch of pilot universities for national modern distance education.
In 1999, the Ministry of Education formulated the "Opinions on the Development of Modern Distance Education"; in September, the "CERNET High-speed Backbone Network Construction Project" was established. The goal is to complete the construction of the CERNET high-speed backbone network by December 2000 to meet China's modern distance education demand.
In July 2000, the Ministry of Education promulgated the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Educational Websites and Online Schools"; at the same time, the scope of modern distance education pilot colleges was expanded to 31, and the "On Supporting the Construction of Online Education Colleges in Several Universities to Launch Modern Distance Education "Several opinions on pilot work" According to this document, the 31 pilot universities have great autonomy: if they can set their own admissions standards and decide how many students to enroll, they can open majors other than the professional directory and have the right to issue national recognition Diplomas, etc.
On July 31, 2000, 31 pilot universities set up a "college modern distance education collaboration group" in Beijing to strengthen communication and cooperation among pilot universities and promote the construction and sharing of educational resources.
In July 2001, the Ministry of Education continued to expand the pilot range of modern distance education colleges from 45 to 45.
In 2012, there were 68 modern distance education colleges.
Du Zhanyuan, Deputy Minister of Education, emphasized that education informatization is an important component and strategic focus of national informatization construction, and is an indispensable support and driving force for education reform and development. All localities and relevant units should have clear responsibilities, work division and cooperation, work hard and work together to complete all construction tasks on time and according to requirements. Be sure to install and configure all teaching site equipment that will be implemented in 2012 before the start of spring 2013, and It will be used in classroom teaching gradually after the beginning of the spring, so that teaching sites have resources, start lessons, and start a good class. At the same time, we must make overall arrangements, elaborate deployment, and comprehensively promote the key tasks of education informatization this year and next to ensure that significant progress is made on time and that the majority of grass-roots schools, teachers and students can truly feel the effectiveness of education informatization. [3]

Distance Education Organization Model

The organizational model of distance education can be divided into: individualized learning mode and collective learning mode, that is, two modes of individual learning and group learning. The most important difference is that the group teaching method is based on synchronous communication, and teachers and students must communicate in real time. The individualized learning method is based on asynchronous communication, creating a learning environment in the student's family, and the student can learn at a suitable time. The two learning modes are essentially related to the transmission and delivery modes of educational resources. [3]

Distance Education Student Requirements

The characteristics of distance education determine that distance learning is mainly self-study. Most of the learning time of students is separated from teachers and classmates. There is no classroom and no classroom atmosphere. These characteristics will make many students who are just beginning distance learning unavoidable. Encountered some difficulties or some unaccustomed. Therefore, distance learning requires learners to have two abilities in the first place.
Always stay motivated to learn. The vast majority of students participating in distance learning are adults, and they have a variety of learning motivations, but nothing more than improving their education, increasing their skills, recharging on the job, and expanding their careers. They generally have strong learning motivations and clear learning goals, but whether or not to maintain the resulting learning motivation during the years of study is the key to determining their success or failure.
The spirit of active exploration. Adult students should be able to determine for themselves how much time to invest in learning, develop their own learning plans, choose and gradually adapt to a learning method. Learning to learn has become one of the four pillars of education in the 21st century; for distance learners, this is also of great significance. In the specific learning process, in the face of a problem, active learners will not accept only one answer, or wait for the teacher to tell you what views or positions to hold; nor will it be limited to a book or textbook. Go to a chapter or section to find the answer. Active learners will actively try a variety of solutions, establish their own ideas, and after actively exploring, decide what they want to do and how to do it. Peking University Business Network encourages students to take the initiative to explore, think proactively, and strive to understand what they have learned, instead of memorizing and passively accepting.
In addition, with the formation of an information society and a learning society and the advent of the era of knowledge economy, education is undergoing profound changes. To participate in distance education, it is necessary to change your own learning concepts and understanding.
Although face-to-face teaching time is less and the requirements for autonomous learning are higher, this new form of learning can improve your own learning ability.
In an information society, people's living and working environments are changing more and more rapidly, and they need to face emerging new knowledge and technologies. One-time school education is increasingly unable to meet the social needs of individuals for life. Only by continuously learning can we keep up with the rhythm of life and work.
Modern distance education provides all scholars with equal learning opportunities, so that receiving higher education is no longer a right enjoyed by a few people, but a basic condition for individual survival; education resources, education objects, and the breadth of education space and time are for the general public. Lifelong learning offers the possibility.
To receive education is not only to learn knowledge, but also to learn to cultivate good learning habits for future studies; to acquire necessary learning skills. Learning to use modern information technology for autonomous learning will be very beneficial to continuously acquiring knowledge and improving education.
In distance education, while media and other media provide learners with learning opportunities, learners should also learn to adapt to online learning methods. Learners should then:
1. Master the basic skills of online learning.
2. Stimulate potential learning motivation (cognitive driving force proposed by Ausubel, the leading role of self-improving internal driving force).
3. Learn to adjust your learning emotions (you often feel lonely in online learning, learners should actively participate in discussions, exchange knowledge and experience, etc.) in this open platform.
4. Improve your own metacognitive skills (metacognition is the ability to actively plan, monitor, and regulate cognitive processes.
Distance Education
While improving learning efficiency).
In addition, the network system should also provide learners with adaptive learning support. Establish learner models based on individual differences in learners' different learning backgrounds, knowledge bases, learning styles, and learning abilities, and use artificial intelligence technology to make inferences to provide learners with personalized learning content. Thus improving the adaptability of the system to distance learners.
In this way, the two-way adaptation mechanism between learners and the system in distance learning is achieved, and distance learning is moving towards a more mature direction.

How distance learning

1) Courseware learning : each subject is divided into several chapters, and each chapter is divided into several lectures, and each lecture is equivalent to one lesson. The score for this subject is 10 points for each subject. The point is that each lecture can be scored for more than 6 minutes, so it is easy to get 10 points on demand for this courseware.
2) Video learning: Each subject is divided into several chapters, and each chapter has a corresponding online video tutorial to learn. If students want to save the video to the computer, they can use the video software "Super Capture" to record and save the common video formats such as AVI, FLV, WMV, etc., and learn directly on the computer.
3) Online test : After each of the chapters is completed, the online test after the courseware learning corresponds to each previous chapter. After each chapter of the courseware learning is completed, you can carry out the online test of the next corresponding chapter. After completing the submission of each chapter, you can display the score and right and wrong situation on the spot. You can repeat it many times until you are satisfied with the score. This link accounts for 30 points. After completing all the points, you can get more than 21 points and get full marks. better!
4) Online homework : This link is a normal homework assigned by teachers in various disciplines. Generally, it is not included in the overall score. Only the "Introduction to Online Learning" is included in the examination results. "Introduction to Online Learning" There is no question in the subject of the online test of this subject, so this online homework must be done, which is equivalent to the online test, accounting for 30 points. "Introduction to Online Learning" This online assignment method is to download the questions for each module, and click upload after completing the questions as required.
5) Online duration: The online duration is a statistic for each time you log in to the learning platform. The accumulated online learning time every semester is automatically displayed in the platform. This also takes about 10 minutes. There is no requirement for students how long they must be online every day. As long as everyone arranges their own study plans, they can log in each week or during breaks to study. In principle, the cumulative online time per semester must reach more than 3,000 minutes ( (Minimum limit, not capped, the more learning time the better).
6) Teaching Forum: This is a very favorable platform for teacher-student exchange. Here you can see many students and friends from different batches from different majors across the country. Each discipline has a professional tutor, and students can Feel free to post information in it, and you can ask any questions you have during the exam. Of course, my work QQ is also online every day. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.
7) Teaching Announcement : This is the official information publishing platform of Zhengda Distance Education College. Any announcements made by the college regarding learning exams can be paid attention at any time, and those who are concerned about themselves should pay more attention.
8) Learning sequence: When starting the course, it is recommended to study "Introduction to Online Learning" first, so that the learning of other courses can be carried out smoothly.
9) The final exam score of the course = 10 points of courseware on demand + 30 points of online test + 10 points of comprehensive assessment + 50 points of final examination.
10) Students who have graduated from online education must pass the National Unified Examination for Public Basic Courses . Non-English major students take the "University English B" and "Basics of Computer Application"; English major students take the "University English A" and "Computer Application Basics". Each April, September, and December exams, please pay attention to the online notice for registration, payment, and the specific time of the exam. [1]

Distance education distance education institutions

FIL was established in 1979. After Deng Xiaoping's speech in 1992, China's reform and opening up accelerated, and FIL also entered a period of rapid development. Today, FIL has developed from a purely foreign language teaching material publishing company into a comprehensive education institution integrating training institutions and distance education . FAI also established a joint venture with HKUST Xunfei, which plans to start business in education informatization.
Research club
In 2000, the Ministry of Education approved Beiwai as a pilot university for modern distance education , and the School of Network Education of Beijing Foreign Studies University (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing.net") was established. Since its establishment, Beiwai.net has been adhering to Beidai's rigorous academic style, actively using Beiwai's rich learning resources and teaching advantages, and combining the technical advantages of modern networks, it has comprehensively launched multi-disciplinary degree education and various training programs. A multi-level, multi-mode, and comprehensive online education system that integrates academic and non-academic education has been established.

Development Status of Distance Education

Entry requirements for distance education

Application for entry to the undergraduate level must be approved by the Ministry of Education, and it must be qualified to issue diplomas for general colleges, adult education, self-study exams, TVUs, and online education, as well as college or undergraduate or higher diplomas issued by schools that belong to the National Education Series. Application for the starting point of high school The college must have a national education series graduation certificate of equivalent high school, technical secondary school or normal school, technical school, vocational high school or equivalent.

Distance Education Entrance Exam

Under the requirements of the relevant policies of the Ministry of Education, distance education is the independent enrollment of universities and the independent examination of questions. Universities will arrange entrance examinations according to their own training requirements and teaching conditions. However, this test is a level test, not a merit test. It mainly understands the basic knowledge and learning ability of students to ensure that they can adapt to the requirements of their majors after entering the school. At the same time, they also understand the ability of students to use the Internet and multimedia methods to learn, so as to have Targeted to help students learn. Most schools adopt the "lenient entry and strict exit" examination strategy. As long as the basic study conditions are met, there will not be much difficulty in enrolling. In addition, if you meet the relevant regulations, you can also waive the test.

Distance education charging method

The document of the General Office of the Ministry of Education "Several Opinions on Supporting the Construction of Distance Education in Several Higher Schools and the Pilot Work of Modern Distance Education" (Jiaogao Hall [2000] No. 10) stipulates that "for students of distance education, they can be charged at the cost of education . Distance education must not be for profit. "
The fees charged by the pilot universities include: registration and entrance examination fees, tuition fees, teaching materials, etc. Tuition fees are generally based on credits, and different pilot universities, different majors, and different admissions locations have different fees.

Distance education teaching quality

Modern distance education has just begun in China, and it is developing in an ultra-conventional "leap-forward" manner, so some quality problems have arisen. Distance education basically has the following teaching modes: one is the classroom teaching mode that is exactly the same as the existing teaching mode, one is a combination of face-to-face teaching and online teaching; the other is the separation of teachers and students in space and time, which is completely passed Network or multimedia disc-based teaching mode. Completely separate teaching is not actually a network education in the complete sense, but a network self-learning.
In order to improve the quality of online education as soon as possible, the Ministry of Education has designated 2003 as the "Year of Quality Construction for Distance Education". Relevant leaders of the Ministry of Education have clearly pointed out that the quality of teaching has become the biggest obstacle to the advancement of modern distance education. They believe that "the public service system for distance education outside the school should be gradually established, standardized management, and resource sharing and quality control should be established." This is precisely the lack of network college construction. A system and quality standards. The Ministry of Education has begun to formulate teaching standards for online education, raise the threshold for running schools, and increase the quality inspection of online colleges in universities, such as organizing experts to certify the specialties and courses of online colleges, and the construction of teachers, teaching facilities, and multimedia courseware. As well as the establishment of off-campus teaching sites to evaluate, regularly check the quality of network college students, and cancel the qualifications of network colleges that fail to meet the standards.

Distance Education

The enrollment conditions for higher distance education in pilot institutions are very lenient, which is called "lenient progress"; only passing the exam can guarantee the quality of distance education, and can guarantee the "gold content" of the diploma, which is called "strict out".
In order to standardize the teaching and examination of distance education, the Ministry of Education commissioned Aopeng Distance Education Center to undertake the supervision of the final examination of the second semester of the 2002-2003 school year in Hunan University's distance education teaching sites. This is the first time that the country has used the distance education service system to conduct examinations. The examination of this examination is very strict, so that cheaters have no chance to take advantage of it, which greatly safeguards the seriousness of distance education.

Prospects of Distance Education

The development of distance education is a global trend, which solves the problem of lack of educational resources and the realization of resource sharing. Many countries have adopted distance education as an important strategic decision.
China launched distance education in 1998, with only 2,931 people. In 2003, it reached 2.3 million. The growth rate is very fast, indicating that China's distance education is expanding.
With the continuous improvement of new technologies and communication systems, distance education will have greater development.

Registration materials for distance education

There are two situations for applying for online education undergraduate courses: first, candidates apply for undergraduate courses from a high starting point; Candidates for high starting points should have a high school education level, such as technical secondary school, higher vocational colleges, or recent high school graduates. Candidates at the starting point of the college must have a college education diploma in national education. When applying for a distance education undergraduate course, candidates are required to bring their ID card or household registration book, high school (relevant graduation certificate) or original copy of the diploma of national education series and two or more copies and two one-inch photos to the designated learning center for registration and payment. Distance education is divided into two seasons, spring and autumn. Candidates for spring can register before the end of February each year, and candidates for autumn can register before the end of August each year. Distance education undergraduate students must take the national unified exam (the national unified examination of some public basic courses for online education students in modern distance education pilots), complete the corresponding study plan, and only those who meet the graduation requirements can graduate. Those with qualifications can obtain a bachelor's degree certificate.
The learning method that online education wants to learn at any time and place saves a lot of time for the students. The office workers who are busy with work and the study time is not fixed are also popular in basic distance education. The online education enrollment colleges are all domestic key universities, 211 projects, and 985 project construction colleges. The majors set up are all popular majors with good employment prospects. Their emphasis on practicality is very popular with employers. Each year, China's distance education pilot universities train a large number of distance undergraduate graduates, many of whom are engaged in management or important positions in large and small enterprises.

Problems with distance education

Distance education develops unevenly

The distance education realized through the network is quite different in China. Affected by infrastructure construction, the developed areas in the east are better than the less developed areas in the west in terms of the depth and breadth of distance education. Therefore, it is difficult to formulate corresponding policies, which objectively results in poor standardization procedures for distance education. In a recent survey on the status of distance education, it was found that there were problems such as the recruitment of unqualified students, the inability of individual students to access the Internet, and the disconnection between teaching and learning. [1]

Talent shortage in distance education

The distance between online distance education and traditional full-time education is relatively large, which is mainly reflected in the time and space asynchrony between teachers and students. Under this new teaching mechanism, how to transfer the advantages of traditional teaching to the teaching process based on the Internet is a difficult point. Few people know both network technology and excellent teaching quality. This has greatly affected the successful promotion of traditional teaching models to online teaching.

Distance education teaching mode is single

The shortage of talents who understand both network and teaching directly affects the quality of courseware production as an interface between teaching and learning in the process of network teaching, resulting in a single network teaching mode. The relatively single teaching mode has a great negative effect on students' learning, which is mainly reflected in the poor learning enthusiasm and initiative of students, and the inability of students to grasp the depth and breadth of teaching content, which affects the quality of teaching.

Poor interactivity in distance education

Because the education and teaching process realized through the network does not require teachers and students to be strictly out of sync in time and space, objectively causing poor teaching interaction. Students can't promptly and effectively raise questions to the teacher during the learning process, and teachers can't give clear and clear answers in real time. Although technologies such as BBS and MSN, which enhance interactivity, are widely used in the network teaching process, compared with the face-to-face communication between teachers and students in the traditional teaching process, the effect is much worse.

Application form of distance education

Network teaching has both advantages and disadvantages. Its advantages are mainly reflected in the high degree of information sharing. It is easy to realize personalized teaching. Teaching and learning can be asynchronous in time and space. Its disadvantages are mainly reflected in the poor interaction in the teaching process. In order to complement the advantages of network teaching and traditional teaching, it is recommended to standardize from the following aspects to form a more practical application form.

Distance education teaching model

The so-called mixed teaching mode refers to the use of network education teaching to complete the learning phase of the new content of the course, and in the summary and improvement of teaching content, the traditional teaching mode is used. Online education and teaching cannot completely replace traditional classroom teaching, nor can it completely change the learning model of students. Computers cannot completely replace classrooms and teachers. It also avoids the situation where teachers and students must stay together throughout the entire teaching process.

Distance Education Teaching Courseware

The main carrier of the teaching process of network education is network teaching courseware. The main problems of network teaching courseware are single mode and poor interaction. There are also cases where the courseware used by a single machine is slightly modified and placed on the Internet. The current popular online courseware models are "online video" and "online reading". These two models ignore the learning characteristics of different students, can not attract students for a long time, and can not meet the interactive requirements of students in the learning process.
In the process of making network courseware, in addition to refining teaching content and enriching expressions, we also need to strengthen the design of teaching interactivity. The refinement of the teaching content includes the provision of background materials and teaching extensions necessary for teaching. The forms of expression include the use of multimedia formats supported by teaching computers, animation, sound, text, and other computers. Teaching interaction can be aided by MSN, BBS, programs Design and other technologies.

Distance education teaching process

The interaction in the teaching process through the Internet mainly has the following forms:
1) Use BBS technology to construct a course teaching message board. Students can submit questions encountered during the study to the message board, and teachers or other students can answer them;
2) Use MSN, QQ, NetMeeting software to build and implement a counseling room. These softwares are all information communication software, supporting text, sound, video, electronic whiteboard and other forms of communication, which can improve the interactivity in the teaching process.
3) Use the Email technology to set up a teaching mailbox. The above two forms have real-time requirements. If the teacher or student does not participate in real-time, then there is no guarantee that the corresponding teaching information can be received (see) after the event. To this end, a teaching mailbox can be used to make up for it. The account number and password of the teaching mailbox can be made public so that students can answer questions to each other.
4) With the help of programming technology, further enhance interactivity and realize personalized teaching. The characteristic of a programming language is that different information outputs can be generated according to different information inputs. Using programming languages such as Visual Basic and Flash, and setting the information group with appropriate logic according to the teaching content and teaching progress, can achieve the purpose of enhancing interactivity.

Distance education potential

Education is inseparable for everyone: early education, extra-curricular tutoring, children's English, vocational education, studying abroad, business schools, immigration services ... and in the explosive development of informatization, online education has become more prominent: 1 2. Online education can break through the limitation of time and space and improve the efficiency of learning; 2. Online education can overcome the unequal distribution of educational resources caused by regional and other aspects, make educational resources shared, and lower the threshold of learning.
Based on the characteristics and advantages of online education, online schools have been recognized by more and more people, and various emerging online schools and related websites have also emerged, such as Sanzhangwang, 91 Foreign Education Network, and so on. Obviously, this represents that the online school has gradually entered the life of the public and has become a mainstream trend of learning. As a result, many people are choosing online education, especially white-collar workers and college students. In 2012 alone, China's online education market share has reached 72.3 billion yuan, and online education users have expanded in scale.

Features of distance education

Maximize resource utilization
Various educational resource libraries have crossed the limit of spatial distance through the network, making school education an open education that can radiate to wider areas beyond the campus. Schools can give full play to their advantages in disciplines and educational resources, and spread the best teachers and the best teaching achievements to all directions through the Internet.
Autonomous learning behavior
The application of network technology to distance education is characterized by: anyone, any time, any place, starting from any chapter, learning any course. The convenient and flexible "five-any" of online education reflects the characteristics of active learning most directly in the learning model, which fully meets the needs of modern education and lifelong education.
Interactive learning
Teachers and students, students and students, carry out all-round communication through the Internet, which reduces the psychological distance between teachers and students and increases the opportunities and scope of communication between teachers and students. In addition, the computer's statistical analysis of students' question types, numbers, and times enables teachers to understand the doubts, difficulties, and major problems encountered by students in their studies, and guide students more specifically.
Modification of teaching format
In online education, the unique information database management technology and two-way interaction function of the computer network are used. On the one hand, the system can achieve a complete system tracking record of the personality information, learning process and stage of each network student. On the other hand, The teaching and learning service system can provide personalized learning suggestions for different students based on the personal data recorded by the system. Network education provides a realistic and effective way for personalized teaching.
Teaching Management Automation
The teaching management platform of computer network has the functions of automatic management and remote interactive processing, and is applied to the teaching management of network education. Inquiries, registration, payment of fees, enrollment, enquiries, student status management, homework and examination management, etc. of remote students can be completed through remote interactive network.

Hidden drawbacks in distance education

People's enthusiasm for network media and the superficiality of theoretical research make distance education ignore the pace of social and cultural changes. Globalization, the explosion of knowledge, instant messaging, and electronics are joining hands to overturn the way we work and learn. The old model is rapidly retreating, and the new model is rapidly forming. In this regard, distance education mostly turns a blind eye, and the teaching content, teaching methods, and evaluation methods generally follow traditional campus practices. Taking textbooks as an example, most textbooks for online education in colleges and universities use campus textbooks directly, and some even use textbooks for self-study exams. In this regard, it is clear that online education has not found its own unified logical structure, or use the media to clone and replicate campus education. This cloning and duplication of ignoring the cultural characteristics of the education target group and the changes in the social and cultural transition period just exposes the weaknesses of online education in the face of traditional education. The "marginalized" role.
One of the biggest advantages of distance education is its extensiveness. At the same time, this is also its disadvantage and a weakness. The object of distance education is "universal", there is no individual target, and it only concerns one group. In the specific teaching, the situational teaching is lacking. The so-called situational teaching means that in the education and teaching activities, each education and teaching is based on specific situations. Without the situation at that time, the teaching will lose its meaning. In the final analysis, current distance education ignores the emotional factors in teaching, and does not pay attention to the emotions of the lecturer and the recipient. In this pipelined teaching, mechanized education has been used instead of the spiritually-oriented education. Although distance education can talk face to face through the screen, personal emotional grasp is difficult to be subtle. Under the screen, everyone's movements must not be too big, and the observation and appreciation of people requires long-term. In a lecture, only rough
Distance Education
A slight impression, can not better design and change teaching procedures based on everyone's changes. More importantly, emotions are a large category of education, especially in elementary and middle school education. Their morality and value can only be completed in interaction with people. Every time they teach a teacher, they accumulate the teachers knowledge. Words and deeds also deeply appreciate the teacher's personal character and self-satisfaction in the feedback to the teacher. This is missing from distance education. As Dewey said, "Science and technology are not impersonal powers of the universe. They can only play a role in the medium of human desire, foresight, purpose, and effort." No matter how powerful distance education is, if human needs are ignored Ignoring the emotions of people in the context of education, this kind of education also loses the foundation of education and teaching. Therefore, in the future development situation, this method will not replace school education, and it is not a mainstream effective learning method. However, the development of society can not lose distance education, and the process of distance education will form a trend, which will become an irreplaceable way to receive education and teaching of knowledge.

Distance education related issues

The distance for spring education registration is: from mid-September each year to early March of the following year. The entrance examination time is arranged according to the situation of each university. Generally speaking, there are about 5 entrance examination times in spring; the distance registration time for fall education is: from mid-March to mid-September each year. The entrance examination time is arranged according to the situation of each university. Generally speaking, there are about 6 entrance examination hours in the fall.
1. Is the distance education qualification recognized by the state?
Answer: Since 1999, the Ministry of Education has approved 67 ordinary colleges and universities and the Central Radio and Television University to carry out modern distance education pilot work, allowing the above-mentioned 68 pilot universities to carry out academic education through modern communication networks on the basis of online teaching work on campus. Education and non-degree education. Students who meet the requirements for graduation from undergraduate and junior colleges will be issued a certificate of higher education by the school in accordance with relevant state regulations. After the certificate is electronically registered, the state will recognize it.
According to the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education, universities approved by the Ministry of Education to launch distance education have the right to sponsor their own studies, independently formulating plans, enrolling students, and independently submitting questions for entrance examinations. It is also up to the universities to decide which diplomas to award. Majors can award degrees. These diplomas and degree countries are officially recognized and participate in the online "electronic certification registration" of national diplomas.
The website of the Ministry of Education also recognizes the original text of the long-distance diploma certificate. "The online education college should implement a credit system. The validity period and duration of academic credits are determined by the school. For students who meet the requirements for undergraduate and college graduation, what form of graduation certificate is issued? , The school shall make its own decision after careful study; the academic certificate shall be printed by the school itself, and an electronic registration system shall be implemented, and the registration methods shall be separately provided; after the electronic registration, the State shall recognize it. "
2. How do I get a diploma? What does a diploma look like?
Answer: After completing the courses specified in the teaching plan within the study period, completing the graduation thesis or graduation design and passing the grade, a diploma will be issued by Beijing Institute of Technology. The graduation certificate is marked with the words "online education".
3 What degree can an eligible undergraduate graduate confer?
A: Eligible business administration, human resource management, project management, marketing, information management and information systems majors can be awarded a bachelor's degree in management; accounting majors can be awarded a bachelor's degree in economics; law Bachelor of Laws degree can be awarded for undergraduate majors; Bachelor of Engineering degree can be awarded for undergraduate graduates in computer science and technology, mechatronics, and automotive service engineering
Distance Education
Bit.
4 Which graduation certificates belong to the National Education Series?
Answer: A graduation certificate issued by a higher education institution approved by the Ministry of Education or a self-study examination institution that can obtain the electronic registration of the Ministry of Education belongs to the national education series of graduation certificates, including ordinary colleges, some private colleges, adult colleges (correspondence, night university), Distance education, TVU.
5. The concept of credits? What is the length of study?
A: Credits are based on a certain amount of learning lessons and difficulty, and each time you complete a course of study and pass its exams, you get credit for that course. The credits for each course are generally between 2-8 credits. As long as the required courses are completed within the prescribed time period, and the required credits are obtained, graduation is allowed. This prescribed period of time is the length of study.
6. How do I qualify for each subject? How many exam opportunities do students have for each course?
Answer: After the students' online course selection has entered the study stage, they will register online for the exam within the time specified by the college. Within the specified study period, a course allows students to take two electives, and each elective can take three exams; when recording student results, the test results are registered as actual results, and the highest score of the actual test results is included in the final score . If you fail in the required courses, you will not be allowed to graduate.
7. How to determine the subjects for the unified examination of the national online education public courses? How is the unified examination time arranged? Is there an exam outline? Do I have to take the unified test?
Answer: Undergraduate students starting from colleges are required to take two subjects: College English and Computer Application Fundamentals. Organize three unified examinations each year. Students can take the test multiple times during the study period, and each test session is determined by the student. Each subject has an examination outline and examination books. Passing all unified examination subjects is one of the requirements for the electronic registration qualification of the Higher Education Certificate of the Ministry of Education. Students with tertiary education do not take the national unified examination. Students who meet the following conditions can be exempted from the national unified examination of some public basic courses during the school period:
(1) Already have a bachelor's degree or above in national education series (including undergraduate courses), exemption from all examination subjects;
(2) Except for students majoring in computer science, those who have obtained the National Computer Rank Examination Level B or above certificate are exempt from the "Computer Application Fundamentals";
(3) Exemption from "University English" if one of the following conditions is met:
A. Non-English majors who are over 40 years old at the time of enrollment registration;
B. In addition to English majors, minority students who have registered their residence in areas where ethnic minorities live in compact communities (the definition of ethnic minorities is based on the standards in the "National Uniform Examination Documents of Public Fundamental Courses for Pilot College Network Education")
C. In addition to English majors, those who have obtained a certificate of National Public English Test (PETS) Level 3 or above;
D. Except for English majors, candidates who have obtained (CET) Level 4 or above before the reform of the College English Test before January 1, 2006. After the reform of the College English Test, they take the (CET) Level 4 or higher test Candidates with a score of 420;
Note: After January 1, 2006, the CET Certificate Level 4 or above will no longer be a condition for exemption from the "University English" exam.

Samples of distance education

The School of Network Education implements a flexible credit system and a credit system. As long as you have completed the required credits within the specified time, you can obtain a diploma. For officially admitted students and those who have completed the required credits, the school will issue a nationally recognized graduation certificate. A bachelor's degree that meets the conditions for awarding a degree.
1. The "college (department)" column in the school's graduation diploma indicates "online education college";
2. Add "Internet" to adult higher education diploma;
3. Add "Internet" to the diploma of general higher education;
4. Adult higher education diploma.

Sample distance education certificate

Renmin University of China, Northern Jiaotong University, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Tianjin University, Fudan University, Tongji University, Southeast University, Wuxi Light Industry University, Shandong University, Sun Yat-sen University, Sichuan University, Chongqing University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Beijing Institute of Technology, Northeast China Agricultural University:
Your school's application for the pilot project of modern distance education has been received. Based on the investigations conducted by the Ministry of Education on the school's running conditions, the research has approved the following:
I agree that your school is a pilot school of modern distance education. Your school should take the pilot of modern distance education as an important work of the school, strengthen leadership, make overall plans, do a good job in the construction of online education colleges and teaching management, speed up the construction of teaching resources, and seriously carry out the pilot work.
2. Agree to carry out undergraduate and college degree education and bachelor's degree education within the scope of the undergraduate and junior college majors and the disciplines and majors that have the right to grant master's degrees by using the Internet and other modern means. Upon approval, non-degree education for postgraduate professional degrees can be carried out, or new majors outside the undergraduate professional directory can be opened after careful demonstration.
3. Actively develop online courses to promote mutual selection of courses and mutual recognition of credits between our school and inter-schools. Actively promote the modernization process of correspondence education and self-study examination assistance activities, and create conditions for the implementation of online education in rural and western regions.
4.Your school can determine the admission conditions and examination and admission methods according to the provisions of the Ministry of Education's modern distance education pilot work; determine the annual admission plan according to the school's school running ability; determine the admission area according to the online teaching conditions of off-campus teaching sites; schools Strict teaching management should be ensured to ensure teaching order, strict assessment, and quality; in the pilot phase, the form of graduation certificate issued to the undergraduate and junior college students who meet the graduation requirements shall be determined by the school after careful study.
Fifth, students of the "Network Education College" can be charged according to the cost of education.
6. The pilot work will be reported regularly to the Ministry of Education and the local education administration. Off-campus teaching sites for social enrollment should be filed with the provincial education administrative department where they are located. Our ministry will check your nuclear pilot work in due course.
College of Network Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University ---- Graduate Certificate (Sample)
Distance education certificate

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