What Are the Different Types of Media Qualifications?

Internet media type (also known as MIME type or content type ) is a type of classification given to content transmitted over the Internet.

The Internet media type of a piece of content

A MIME type consists of a type and a subtype . In addition, one or more optional parameters can be added. Its format is

Type name / subtype name [; optional parameter]

Currently registered type names are application, audio, example, image, message, model, multipart, text, and video. chemical is an unofficial common type name. In addition, non-standard type names are generally prefixed with x-, but this practice is outdated.

The subtype name is usually a name that is named in the media form, but there will also be other information in the subtype name, including manufacturer information, product information, and classification information (subtypes will be grouped into a tree-like classification structure) Suffix and so on. The tree structure classification information is represented by a string that is connected to each other. Each part separated by a. Can be appended with additional information connected to it. In addition, there will be a suffix at the end of the subtype name that is connected to the previous content by +. Therefore, the format of a media type can be expressed more finely:

Type name / [tree structure classification information (there may be one or more "." In the middle)] subtype name (there may be one or more "-" in the middle) [+ suffix] [; optional parameters]

This information follows the rules of the registration tree (see below). ^[2]

Registration Tree Internet Media Type Registration Tree

All media types are registered through the IANA process. In order to ensure the flexibility and efficiency of the registration process, the subtypes are grouped into a tree structure classification. The tree structure information is placed at the top of the subtype name, separated by. From other parts. Currently, there are several types of trees: Standards Tree, Vendor Tree, Personal or Vanity Tree, and non-standard x. Prefixed trees. These trees were first defined in November 1996 with RFC 2048. The IETF Standard Action may create new registration trees to meet the registration and management needs of well-known ongoing organizations such as the scientific community. ^[2]

Internet Media Type Standard Tree

Subtype names in the standard tree do not need tree structure information (that is, they do not need a. Prefix).

Type name / subtype name [+ suffix] [; optional parameter]

To register a subtype in the standard tree, it must either comply with the IETF specification that is directly approved by IESG or be registered by a standards-related organization certified by IANA. ^[2]

Internet Media Type Vendor Tree

The vendor tree contains the types of media associated with publicly available products. It uses the vnd. Prefix. The prefix must be the name of a well-known vendor or the name of an IANA-certified vendor plus text indicating the file type and / or content.

Type name / vnd. Subtype name [+ suffix] [; optional parameter]

For example, the MIME type of the .deb file associated with the dpkg provided by the Debian project organization is:

application / vnd.debian.binary-package

Among them, debian is the name of the manufacturer (producer), and binary-package is a description of the file type and content.

"Manufacturer" and "producer" are the same concepts in this context. Industrial consortia and non-profit organizations can also register media types in the vendor tree. Anyone who wants to spread a file format that is closely related to a piece of software can register a subtype in the vendor tree, but this subtype belongs to the software or file format producer. In this case, the manufacturer may choose to claim ownership of registrations made by third parties at any time. ^[2]

Internet Media Type Personal Tree

Personal trees contain subtypes that are experimental or not publicly available. The prefix of the subtype name in the personal tree is prs.

Type name / prs. Subtype name [+ suffix] [; optional parameter]

The subtypes in the personal tree are owned by the registrant, but can also be transferred. ^[2]

x. Internet media type unregistered x.tree

Subtype names prefixed with x. Can only be used in private, local environments. Subtypes of this type cannot be registered. It can only be used for transmission between mutually agreed parties. Although sometimes unregistered MIME types must be used, this is not recommended.

Type name / x. Subtype name [+ suffix] [; optional parameter]

Subtype names with x- were originally attributed to this tree, but this practice has been discontinued. If a subtype name with an x- prefix is widely used and accepted, it may eventually be registered and put into other trees, even though x- itself is obsolete. ^[2]

Internet Media Types List of Media Types

IANA maintains a list of records for media types and character encodings. Their list is open to the public via the internet

Type application Internet media type

For files with different purposes:

application / atom + xml: Atom feeds
application / ecmascript: ECMAScript / JavaScript; (equivalent to application / javascript but strict processing rules)
application / EDI-X12: EDIANSI ASC X12 data
application / EDIFACT: EDIEDIFACT data
application / json: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
application / javascript: ECMAScript / JavaScript (equivalent to application / ecmascript but with loose processing rules) It is not supported by IE 8 or earlier. Although text / javascript can be used instead, it is defined as obsolete by RFC 4329. In HTML5, the type attribute of the <script> tag can be omitted, because all browsers used JavaScript by default even before HTML5.
application / octet-stream: Arbitrary binary files (usually used to notify browsers to download files) Generally speaking, this type identifies files that are not related to a particular application.
application / ogg: Ogg, video file format
application / pdf: PDF (Portable Document Format)
application / postscript: PostScript
application / rdf + xml: resource description framework
application / rss + xml: RSS feed
application / soap + xml: SOAP
application / font-woff: Web open font format; (recommended; use application / x-font-woff until it becomes the official standard)
application / xhtml + xml: XHTML
application / xml: XML file
application / xml-dtd: DTD file
application / xop + xml: XML binary optimized wrapper
application / zip: ZIP archive
application / gzip: Gzip

Type audio Internet Media Type

Digital audio files:

audio / mp4: MP4 audio file
audio / mpeg: MP3 or other MPEG audio files
audio / ogg: Ogg audio file
audio / vorbis: Vorbis audio file
audio / vnd.rn-realaudio: RealAudio audio file
audio / vnd.wave: WAV audio file
audio / webm: WebM audio file
audio / x-flac: FLAC audio file

Type image Internet media type

Image file:

image / gif: GIF image file
image / jpeg: JPEG image file
image / png: PNG image file
image / webp: WebP image file
image / svg + xml: SVG vector image file
image / tiff: TIFF image file

Type model Internet media type

3D computer graphics files:

model / example
model / iges: IGS files, IGES files
model / mesh: MSH file, MESH file
model / vrml: WRL file, VRML file
model / x3d + binary: X3D ISO standard, used to represent 3D computer graphics, X3DB binary files
model / x3d + vrml: X3D ISO standard for representing 3D computer graphics, X3DV VRML files
model / x3d + xml: X3D ISO standard for representing 3D computer graphics, X3D XML files

Type multipart Internet media type Type multipart

Type text Internet media type

text / css: CSS file
text / csv: CSV file
text / html: HTML file
text / javascript ( obsolete ): JavaScript; Defined and discarded in RFC 4329 to reduce usage. Application / javascript is recommended. However, compared to application / javascript, in HTML 4 and 5, text / javascript can be used with cross-browser support. Because all browsers use the correct default value for their "type" attribute when using <script> (although it is explicitly required in the HTML 4 specification), HTML 5 is defined as optional and not necessary.
text / plain: plain text content
text / vcard: vCard (electronic business card)
text / xml: XML