What Are the Different Types of Theology Degrees?

The degree system is a system in which national or higher education institutions use academic standards as a criterion to indicate the level of professional knowledge and competence by granting certain titles. A degree is a measure of academic level. Degrees are awarded on the basis of rigorous scientific training and assessment. Obtaining a degree is not only an honor and encouragement given by the state to the recipient, but also an objective indicator of the academic performance and academic level of the recipient.

Degree system

A degree is a title awarded according to the professional academic level, and it is an evaluation of a scholar's academic level. China's current degree system is generally accepted in the world.

China's degree system was strictly established in modern times, but the imperial examination system in ancient China had a meaning similar to that of today's degree system.

In a modern sense, a degree, as a lifelong valid title granted to an individual, is a measure of its academic level. For a country, the degree system is linked to the education system.

The practice of countries with degree systems in the world has proved that the implementation of degree systems can promote the development of education and science, and the growth of scientific professionals. With the implementation of the degree system, the country has an objective standard for measuring the quality of higher education and evaluating academic standards; it is conducive to improving the quality of higher education and providing an academic basis for selecting and using talents; it can be better in quantity and quality To understand the status of the scientific team, and take measures to help the urgently needed disciplines with weak scientific research to get due development. The implementation of the degree system is also conducive to the respect of knowledge and respect

There are two types of degree subjects: one is

Countries have different approaches to the validation of degree-granting units and the award of degrees. The power to award degree-granting units in most countries lies in

Leadership and management of degree work are generally closely related to education management. Such as

The development and change of the degree system is restricted by the political, economic, and educational systems of a country. The development of science and technology will also be reflected in the degree system. In the 1950s,

The United States implements associate degree, bachelor, master, and doctorate systems.

Degree system

After completing secondary education, students entering a 4-year institution of higher education completing the first two years of the course, or completing a complete liberal arts or science course in a 2-year elementary, technical, or community college, may receive a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree, After completing the corresponding vocational and technical courses, you can get a Bachelor of Applied Arts or a Bachelor of Applied Science. Some courses of the 2-year college can sometimes be completed in 1 year or less. What you get is a qualification certificate instead of Degrees, associate degree degrees are helpful for job hunting, but their courses are more professional and academic standards are not high. Therefore, the traditional "first degree" in American higher education usually refers to a bachelor's degree; .

After graduating from high school and obtaining a diploma, you can successfully complete a four-year study at a college or university to obtain a bachelor's degree. Bachelor of arts and sciences usually has a four-year period and two semesters per academic year. However, there are currently many universities that implement three academic years. Or 3 semester (fall, spring and summer).

It is customary in the United States to grant a Bachelor of Arts degree to students studying language, literature and others literature, history, and art, and a Bachelor of Science degree to students studying social and natural sciences. In addition, professional colleges offer a variety of professional degrees because of literature Bachelor's degree is the oldest degree, so some colleges grant a Bachelor of Arts degree in addition to the Bachelor of Science degree for students studying natural sciences and engineering and applied sciences; this phenomenon has now changed.

The first two years of a bachelor's degree are usually a wide range of basic subjects, including some compulsory subjects, such as English writing, foreign languages, literature, social sciences, and some sciences. The next two years are mainly for professional courses, and students choose a major Subjects and 2 minor subjects; credit system for teaching; in colleges and universities that implement a two-semester system for one academic year, one hour of lectures or 2-3 hours of internship work per week are counted as one credit within 15 weeks of each semester. A bachelor's degree can be awarded upon completion of 120 credits. Students usually take 4-5 courses at the same time each semester. Students generally take semesters at the same time each semester in the United States. Currently the bachelor's degree represents four different academic levels of undergraduate and graduate education. As the bachelor's degree is only a qualification certificate for a junior or community college after 2 years, it is not necessary for a bachelor's degree. As a result, the degree system in the United States is basically a level 3 structure. American colleges and universities have a wide range of disciplines and professional disciplines, and emerging disciplines and marginal disciplines are emerging endlessly. Therefore, the degree of the United States is diverse, reaching about 2,000. However, according to the nature of the degree, there are two types: academic (research) and professional (specialty) degrees. In addition, American universities also award honorary degrees, which do not reflect academic achievements, but recognition of outstanding contributors to society; in the United States, the level of degree between colleges and universities is very inconsistent.

Some colleges allow students to enter professional colleges when they are in the third or fourth year of university. This is particularly common in law schools, medical schools, and engineering schools. These students may take more than 5 years to obtain their bachelor's degree, but they Some of the undergraduate and graduate education overlap in time.

Master's degrees have different meanings in more than 600 colleges and universities in the United States that award such degrees, and even in different departments of these colleges. In some institutions, students can earn this degree after 5 years of school; in other institutions, students must pass a qualification exam, submit a dissertation, and take a foreign language; sometimes it is a 2-year program Degrees in professional courses, such as business administration; or 3-year research courses, such as fine arts. It can also be a second-level professional degree, such as in pharmacology and architecture.

Degree system

Some institutions regard the master's degree as a research degree, while others see it as the middle ladder to a doctoral degree, which is of an investigative nature. Students often bypass the master's level and directly pursue a doctoral degree. Master's degrees are used in some institutions, especially some prestigious institutions, to comfort students who are not qualified for a PhD.

Master's degrees can be divided into two categories: masters of arts and sciences and professional masters. Masters of arts and sciences include masters of sciences and masters of sciences. Due to the different usage of proofreading degrees, the two are sometimes difficult to distinguish. Masters of arts and sciences generally require 24 -30-credit postgraduate courses, most of which are courses in specialized fields. A certain amount of credits for postgraduate courses can also be transferred from other schools. The minimum duration of study is one year, usually 2-3 years, and the longest is about 5 years.

The definition of a professional master's degree is relatively clear, indicating the majors studied before the degree title; its curriculum is more compact, management is stricter, and its reputation is higher, such as master's degrees in business administration, engineering, fine arts, etc., due to the education of many states The authorities set the master's degree as a prerequisite for teaching and promotion of middle school teachers. The master's degree is increasingly related to the education profession. In recent years, about half of the master's degrees have been awarded to students in education. The master's degree in education is usually the master's degree in education. At present, the number of liberal arts masters in education in some colleges has surged. This professional degree is mainly awarded to those liberal arts students who are preparing to engage in secondary education. They do not need to specialize in education or submit a dissertation, but they must have the practice of teaching in schools. . The needs of education majors have greatly increased the burden on graduate schools of various universities. Reductions in admission standards and crude fabrication also occur from time to time, resulting in a decline in the reputation of the entire master's degree.

Degree system

A PhD is the highest degree awarded by a college in the United States. The recipients of this degree in many fields of natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities are called doctors of philosophy, regardless of the subject they specialize in. Doctors of philosophy emphasize the ability of academic research, which is different from professional doctoral degrees that focus on applied fields.

The requirements for a doctoral degree vary from institution to institution, but they also have some things in common. First, students usually have to take a two-year professional course. During this period, students not only increase their comprehensive understanding of their majors, but also have exposure and initial mastery. Approaches to academic research; some colleges' graduate programs require PhD candidates to obtain a master's degree first, while others allow them to pursue a PhD directly.

The PhD program emphasizes mastery of foreign languages as a research tool and reflects the level of general cultural attainment. Students usually have to take two of the three foreign languages: French, German, and Russian. In recent years, Eastern languages such as Chinese have also been included in the compulsory foreign languages. An option; some colleges have made certain changes to the requirements for 2 required foreign languages, such as more rigorous tests on whether students are proficient in a foreign language, or specialized courses (such as (Choose a math or statistics course) to replace a foreign language.

In addition to completing all the courses and meeting the required foreign language requirements, students studying for a doctoral degree must pass a comprehensive set of examinations in the professional field, this set of examinations or written examinations, or oral examinations, or both; students' test scores The professional professor committee (or all teachers in the department) will review to determine whether the student has sufficient conditions to write a doctoral dissertation; the student does not formally obtain a doctoral candidate qualification until he passes this comprehensive examination, so the examination is again This is called a qualification test. After passing the qualification test, a doctoral candidate usually submits an opening report to the professor's committee to obtain the committee's approval of the doctoral thesis.

Degree system

The final stage of pursuing a doctoral degree is mainly to write a doctoral dissertation. Earlier, the requirement of a doctoral dissertation was to make a significant and creative contribution to the field of knowledge and professionalism, but now it emphasizes the value of training its comprehensive academic research capabilities; It can be completed within one year, and may take several years, depending on various factors such as the standards of each school, the difficulty of selecting topics, the degree of hard work and skill of doctoral candidates; many students are passing After finding a full-time job after the doctoral qualification exam, the time available for writing a doctoral dissertation is greatly reduced. U.S. colleges and universities generally stipulate that the number of years to study a PhD in philosophy cannot exceed 3-4 years for full-time students, but In fact, this period is often exceeded; in general, a PhD in social sciences and humanities takes longer than science and engineering, but the success rate is lower.

In most colleges and universities, after completing a doctoral dissertation and meeting other relevant conditions, students have to pass a final exam; this exam is usually an oral exam, and the examination questions are limited to the content of the doctoral dissertation and related professional fields. Publicly defend the value, arguments, and basis of their dissertation. The school will publicly announce such defenses in a large or small scale in the school. Any interested person can participate in the audit. Other doctorates such as doctorate in education or science The process of obtaining a doctorate is similar to that of a doctor of philosophy.

U.S. universities had requirements for publishing doctoral dissertations at one time. However, due to the increase in printing costs and the surge in the number of doctoral dissertations, this requirement has passed. The current doctoral dissertation is usually made in microfilm for preservation, or one of the authors extracts one of them. These sections are published in professional magazines.

Professional degrees in the United States (such as those in professional fields such as law and medicine) reflect high-level professional standards rather than academic standards; for example, a doctor of medicine is a professional degree awarded to students who qualify as doctors, while medicine A PhD in philosophy is a research degree that recognizes the recipients comprehensive scientific research capabilities; in other words, the former is competent for medical treatment and the latter is qualified for scientific research.

The full curriculum of a major usually includes two major categories: basic theory and practical application of professional theory. In order to enter a professional college, applicants must complete certain undergraduate courses. Medical schools usually require students to complete expected medical courses focusing on biology and chemistry, law schools require students to have a solid social science foundation, and engineering schools usually require students to first obtain a bachelor's degree in engineering; the length of professional courses varies; doctors of medicine Training usually requires 3-4 years of undergraduate education and 4 years of medical school professional education; medical school graduates must be a one-year intern and pass the business license examination to start practicing medicine. If the student wants to become a specialist, it takes a few more Internship; bachelor's degree usually requires 4 years of undergraduate and 3 years of professional education in theological college, bachelor of law also generally requires 4 years of undergraduate and 3 years of professional education in law school; in social work, library science and business management, Master's degrees have been widely regarded as a sign of professional qualifications.

Degree system

Postdoctoral positions in the United States are not a post-doctoral degree, but a supplement to a doctorate. It is a transitional position for those who have obtained a doctorate to continue their research work in a certain scientific research institution. Education does not have a strict teaching structure and form. After completing a stage of research in one place, postdoctoral researchers move to a place suitable for their work or continue postdoctoral research in another place, and do not award them a degree; according to the professional level Different, postdoctoral staff are divided into 3 levels: the first two years after getting a doctorate are junior postdoctoral staff; 3-5 years are intermediate postdoctoral staff; more than 5 years are senior postdoctoral staff; postdoctoral education is helpful for talent training and academic research The development of work also serves as a buffer, reducing the pressure to find formal work after the doctorate. At present, postdoctoral education has become an important part of American higher education.