What Does a Mechanical Designer Do?

Mechanical designer refers to mastering the mechanical design knowledge of the corresponding industry, such as hydraulic design, the design of a certain mechanical mechanism. Mainly use "AutoCAD", "Solidworks", "UG NX", "pro / e" and other related software to design mechanical parts and draw mechanical drawings.

mechanical designer

Make design tasks based on user orders, market needs, and new scientific research results.

Preliminary design. Including determining the working principle and basic structural form of the machine, performing motion design, structural design and drawing preliminary general drawings and preliminary

Before the design begins, design tasks must be established. When the design task is more complicated, three-phase design is generally used, that is, preliminary design, technical design, and work drawing design. When the task is relatively simple, such as the new design of a simple machine, the inherited design or a variant design of a general machine, The design achieved technical design depth, and after reviewing, modifying, and approving, it was designed as a working drawing, and became a two-stage design. In the preliminary design phase of the three-phase design, the main steps of the design are: determining the working principle and basic structure type, motion design, designing the main parts, components, drawing preliminary general drawings, and preliminary design review. In the technical design phase, the main steps are: modify the design according to the review opinions, design all parts and components, draw a new master plan, and review the technical design. In the working drawing design stage, modify the design according to the review opinions, draw all working drawings and formulate all technical documents. For mass or mass-produced products, a stereotyped design is also required.

In each step of the design, you may find that some of the decisions in the previous step are unreasonable. You need to go back to the previous step, modify the unreasonable decision, and redo the subsequent design work.

Develop design tasks This is the preliminary work of design. The design task is based on user orders, market needs, and new research results. The design department applies various technologies and market intelligence, draws up possible solutions, compares their advantages and disadvantages, discusses with the operating department and users, and formulates reasonable design task goals. This is particularly important for new designs. Mistakes in mission objectives will cause severe economic losses and even total failure.

Determining the working principle and basic structure type If the design task is not clearly specified, the first step in the design is to determine the overall plan, that is, determine the working principle to be applied and the corresponding structural type. For example, when designing a high-power marine diesel engine, we must first determine whether to use a two-stroke, double-acting, crosshead, low-speed diesel engine or a four-stroke, single-acting, medium-speed diesel engine. Another example is designed for coarse rock

The design of mechanical parts has many constraints, and the design criteria are the constraints that the design should meet.

Technical performance criteria

Technical performance All performance including product function, manufacturing and operating conditions, both static performance and dynamic performance. For example, the power, efficiency, service life, strength, stiffness, anti-friction, wear performance, vibration stability, thermal characteristics, etc. that the product can transfer. Technical performance criteria refer to the relevant technical performance must meet the specified requirements. For example, vibration will generate additional dynamic loads and strains, especially when the frequency is close to the natural frequency of the mechanical system or part, resonance will occur, and the amplitude will increase sharply, which may lead to the rapidity of the part or even the entire system. damage. The vibration stability criterion is to limit the relevant vibration parameters of the mechanical system or part, such as natural frequency, amplitude, noise, etc., within the specified allowable range. Another example is that the heat generated during machine operation may cause thermal stress, thermal strain, and even thermal damage. The thermal characteristic criterion is to limit various related thermal parameters (such as thermal stress, thermal strain, temperature rise, etc.) within the specified range.

Standardization guidelines

The main standards related to the design of mechanical products are roughly:

Conceptual standardization: the terms, symbols, units of measurement etc. involved in the design process should meet the standards;

Physical form standardization: The structural forms, dimensions, and performance of components, raw materials, equipment, and energy should be selected in accordance with unified regulations.

Method standardization: Operation methods, measurement methods, test methods, etc. shall be implemented in accordance with corresponding regulations.

Standardization criteria are all actions in the entire design process, which must meet the above-mentioned standardization requirements. The standards related to the design of mechanical parts that have been released can be divided into three levels: national standards, industry standards, and enterprise standards. In terms of compulsory use, it can be divided into two types: mandatory and recommended.

Reliability criteria

Reliability: The probability that a product or component can perform a specified function within the expected life under specified conditions of use. The reliability criterion means that the designed product, component or part can meet the specified reliability requirements.

Security Guidelines

Machine safety includes:

Part safety: It means that the part does not occur such as fracture, excessive deformation, excessive wear and loss of stability, etc. within the specified external load and time.

Machine safety: refers to the requirements that the machine guarantees that it will not fail under specified conditions and that it can achieve the overall function normally.

Work safety: refers to the protection of operators, ensuring personal safety and physical and mental health, etc.

Environmental safety: refers to not causing pollution and harm to the environment and people around the machine.

Animation Machinery Designer is

1. Skillfully draw product design drawings and process drawings (tooling, fixtures, etc.) that meet national standards.

2. Skilled use of mechanical principles, mechanical mechanisms, mechanical design and national and international standards, according to the design task requirements: creative design effect is good, low-cost products.

3. Skillful use of computer-aided design: 2D software engineering drawings, 3D software design products and modeling effects.

4. Will draw the effect diagram, which can accurately show the overall coordination of the product, texture, color changes, the main body of the device, the overall effect of harmony and so on.

5. Familiar with various materials (material performance, characteristics, size specifications, color and price, etc.) and heat treatment methods, in order to properly select materials and proper heat treatment methods.

6. Proficient and correct use of typical mechanical mechanism types, especially the advantages and disadvantages of each mechanical mechanism, commonly used structural methods, methods, etc.

7. Improve the knowledge and cultivation of various aspects of machinery, familiar with various basic characteristics and variants. Learn about the historical development of various equipment and the mechanical mechanisms, structural methods, and methods used.

8. Possess the knowledge and skills of surveying and mapping (method and accuracy of surveying), and be able to properly make on-site surveying and mapping sketches and improve design related materials.

9. Familiar with various processing techniques and assembly techniques, and can correctly compile processing techniques and assembly techniques. Correct selection of processing equipment and various tools.

10. Have extensive cultural knowledge and cultivation (the development status of various types of equipment). This is beneficial for designing products with stable performance, beautiful appearance, and a sense of time.

11. Will be good at collecting and accumulating design materials, such as reference books (manuals, standards, etc.), new methods of surveying and mapping, photographing, copying and recording, and continuously accumulate useful various design materials.

12. Master the skills of professional investigation, whether it is a comprehensive or professional investigation, you can grasp the main points and get the situation and information that the designer should master to facilitate the mechanical design work.

13. Will produce high-quality models independently, which requires designers to understand materials and process practices, and will use the necessary tools and equipment. This is the hands-on ability that a designer should have.

14. Will measure, analyze problems, and finalize error calculations. These designers also need to master the skills.

15. Mechanical designers are proficient in computer-aided design (CAD), master finite element analysis to optimize mechanical design, and design more reasonable products with good quality and reduced costs. ^[1]