What Does a Social Psychologist Do?
Social psychologist: A psychologist who studies the ways and patterns of interaction. They also study the behavior of groups, conduct opinion polls and market research; their findings are often widely used with television propaganda media and government agencies. Propaganda and explanation, compliance and conflict between groups, and attacks and prejudices are all topics of interest.
Social psychologist
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- Chinese name
- Social psychologist
- the study
- Person-to-person interaction
- Achievements
- Newspaper, magazine, radio
- Subject
- Social psychology
- Social psychologist: A psychologist who studies the ways and patterns of interaction. They also study the behavior of groups, conduct opinion polls and market research; their findings are often widely used with television propaganda media and government agencies. Propaganda and explanation, compliance and conflict between groups, and attacks and prejudices are all topics of interest.
- Social psychologist
- Specifically, its research includes: (1) common psychological phenomena of the group, such as herd, imitation, suggestion, public opinion, infection, ethos, fashion, rumors, customs, traditions, etc .; (2) the individual produced by the group Various psychological phenomena, such as social needs, social motivations, social perceptions, social attitudes, obedience, obedience, violation, altruism, and other psychological phenomena of individuals in the process of socialization. The former belongs to the common psychological phenomenon and the latter belongs to the individual psychological phenomenon. The two are inseparably linked together, forming social psychology is a very theoretical and application range, which constitutes a unified whole of social psychology. All social and psychological phenomena are produced in the process of communication and are closely related to interpersonal relationships. Social psychology is a highly theoretical subject with a wide range of applications. Its task is to solve various research methods generally using observation, experimental methods, survey methods, questionnaire methods, archival research methods, and so on. The term psychosocial was first used by Shefler. In his book "Social Structure and Life" written in 1875, Xie Fuller juxtaposed social psychology with social form and social physiology to explain the nature of society. Later, Smar and Vincent equated sociology with social psychology in his book, Principles of Sociology. In 1897, Baldwin used "a study of social psychology" as the subtitle of his book "Social and Ethical Psychological Development". In 1989, the book "Research on Social Psychology" by Tad came out, which was the first book named after social psychology in the history of social psychology. The Introduction to Social Psychology by British psychologist W. Mai Dugu in 1908 and the early days of the United States were mainly descriptive. After the 1920s, some psychologists led by Mudd and Allport pioneered a new direction of experimental-based social psychology research. In the history of social psychology, the experimental social psychology co-authored by the Murphys in 1931 "As a sign. The research of social psychology can be roughly divided into two branches. One is established and developed by psychologists. It is called social psychology of psychology. The other is a sociological psychology established and developed by sociologists. These two branches developed into a social psychology around 1920. At that time, a group of scholars represented by Bernard, such as Yang Qin, Lanhart, Bougdas, Marche and others held a comprehensive view.
- Social psychologist Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory:
- Social psychologist
- Social psychologist
- Maslow believes that human needs are hierarchical, from low to high. They are:
- Self-actualization needs respect, social needs, safety needs, physiological needs, physiological needs are the most primitive and basic needs of people, such as food, clothing, housing, medical care and so on. If not satisfied, there is danger to life. That is to say, it is the strongest inevitable bottom-level need, and it is also a powerful driving force for people's actions. Obviously, this physiological need has the significance of self-protection and racial protection. It is mainly hunger and thirst, which is an essential requirement for human beings to survive. When a person has multiple needs, such as lack of food, safety, and love at the same time, hunger that always lacks food has the greatest advantage. This means that when a person is controlled by physical needs, all other needs are pushed behind the scenes. .
The need for safety requires labor safety, occupational safety, stable life, hope for freedom from disasters, and hope for future security, which are specifically manifested in: material: such as operational safety, labor protection and health care benefits economic: such as unemployment , Accidents, old-age care, etc. Psychologically: hope to lift the threat of harsh supervision, hope to be protected from unfair treatment, and have the ability and confidence to work. The need for safety is higher than the need for physiology. When the need is met, this need is guaranteed. Everyone who lives in reality will have a desire for security, a desire for freedom, and a desire for defense strength.
The need for socializing, also called the need for belonging and love, refers to the individual's desire for the care and understanding of family, group, friends, and colleagues. It is the need for friendship, trust, warmth, and love. The need for social needs Physiology and safety need to be more subtle and more elusive. It includes: social desire. Hope to maintain friendship and loyal partnership with colleagues, hope to get mutual love, etc. A sense of belonging. I hope to belong, to be a member of the group, to help each other when individuals are in trouble, and to have friends who know each other can pour out their hearts, talk, and even complain. And love not only refers to the love between the two sexes, but is broad, and it is reflected in mutual trust, deep understanding and mutual giving, including giving and receiving love. Social needs are related to personal character, experience, living area, nationality, living habits, religious beliefs, etc. This need is difficult to perceive and cannot be measured.
The need for respect can be divided into three categories: self-esteem, self-esteem, and power, including self-respect, self-evaluation, and respect for others. Related to self-esteem, such as self-esteem, self-confidence, the need for independence, knowledge, achievement, ability, etc. The need for respect can also be divided as follows: desire for strength, achievement, adaptability and self-confidence facing the world, and desire for independence and freedom; desire for reputation and prestige. Reputation is respect, appreciation, attention, or appreciation from others. Satisfying the need for self-respect leads to a variety of feelings such as self-confidence, value and ability experience, strength and adaptability, and obstructing these needs will produce a sense of inferiority, weakness and incompetence. Based on this need, I am willing to do better work, hope to be valued by others, to show off myself, and to look forward to opportunities for growth and the possibility of making a difference. Obviously, the need for respect is rarely fully met, but basic satisfaction can be a driving force. Once this need becomes a driving force, it will be a lasting drive.
The need for self-actualization is the highest level of need. Meeting this need requires completing work commensurate with your own ability, making the most of your potential ability, and becoming the desired person. This is a need for creativity. People who need self-realization seem to do their best to make themselves perfect. Self-actualization means fully, actively, ecstatically, and concentratedly experiencing life. The sense of accomplishment is different from the desire to grow. The sense of accomplishment pursues certain ideals. It is often a waste of time to work and treat work as a creative activity. It is hoped that people will solve major issues and fully realize their ambitions.
In Maslow's view, there are two types of needs in the human value system. One is the instinct or impulse that gradually weakens along the rising direction of the biological lineage, which is called low-level needs and physiological needs. One is the potential or need that gradually emerges as the organism evolves, called advanced needs.
People all have these five different levels of needs, but the urgency of various needs expressed in different periods is different. The most urgent need of people is the main reason and motivation to motivate people to act. Human needs are gradually transformed from satisfaction from the outside to satisfaction from the inside.
Before high-level needs fully emerge, low-level needs must be adequately met.
After the low-level needs are basically met, its incentive role will be reduced, its dominant position will no longer be maintained, and high-level needs will replace it as the main reason for promoting behavior. Once some needs are satisfied, they cannot be the cause of stimulating people's behavior, so they are replaced by other needs.
These five needs cannot be fully satisfied, and the higher the level, the lower the percentage of satisfaction.
Any kind of need does not disappear because of the development of the next high-level need. The needs of each level depend on each other and overlap. After the development of the high-level need, the low-level need still exists, but the proportion of the impact on behavior is reduced.
Higher-level needs are more valuable than lower-level needs. Passion is inspired by high-level needs. The highest need of man, namely self-actualization, is to show his own potential in the most effective and complete way, so that he can get the peak experience.
The five basic human needs are often unconscious in ordinary people. For individuals, unconscious motivation is more important than conscious motivation. For those with rich experience, through appropriate skills, unconscious needs can be transformed into conscious needs.
Maslow also believes that in the creative process of self-realization, a so-called "peak experience" emotion is generated. At this time, people are in the most exciting time, and they are the highest, most perfect, most Harmonious state, at this time people have a feeling of ecstatic, drunk, ecstatic.
Experiments have shown that when people stay in a beautiful room, they look more lively, lively, and healthier than in a humble room; a kind, sincere, and beautiful person is more able to appreciate the truth, kindness, and beauty that exists in the outside world than others. . When people find the highest value in the outside world, it is possible to generate or strengthen this value in their hearts at the same time. In short, better people and people in better environments are more likely to produce peak experiences.
- Nature is full of countless uncertain risks. In order to minimize the risks or potential risks, people will ask social psychologists to eliminate psychological barriers and improve their ability to resist risks.