What Does an Electrician Do?

Electrician refers to the research on the objective laws of the electromagnetic field and its applied science and technology, as well as the two major industrial production systems of electric power production and electrician manufacturing.

1. Before construction, there must be (strong and weak) construction drawings, provided at completion

First, equipment installation

(1) When installing switch devices with return springs such as high-pressure oil switches and automatic air switches, the switches should be placed in the off position.

Electrician installation

(2) When moving the power distribution cabinet, there should be a special person to direct it at the same pace. When multiple switchboards (boxes) are installed side by side, fingers must not be placed on the joints of the two boards (boxes), and they must not touch the connection screw holes and screws.

(3) Electrical equipment used in the open air shall have good rainproof performance or reliable rainproof facilities. The distribution box must be firm, complete and tight. Do not place sundries in the distribution box in use.

(4) When picking grooves or holes, you must wear protective glasses, and the hammer handle must not be loose. The mule must not be crimped or cracked. When a wall is hit and the floor is visible, no one can approach behind the wall and under the floor.

Second, the internal installation

(1) When installing lighting circuits, do not walk or stack materials directly on the slatted ceiling or sound insulation board; when walking for operation, you must lay scaffolding on the large corrugated wall; the ceiling lighting should use 36V low-voltage power supply.

(2) When working on scaffolding, the scaffolding board must be full, and there must be no gaps and probe boards. The used materials should be carried in the tool bag and not thrown.

(3) When bending with a human pipe bender on the platform or floor, you should turn your back to the center of the floor and avoid your face when operating. When the large-diameter pipe is filled with sand, the sand must be dried with fire and poured into it. When hitting with a machine, no one should stand underneath, and the upper and lower sides should be staggered manually. When the pipe is heated, no one should stay in front of the nozzle.

(4) When the pipe is threaded, do not call or blow air to the nozzle to prevent the thread from popping out. The two people thread, they should coordinate and respond. Thread at a high place and do not use excessive force.

(5) The laying of steel wire suspension pipe shall prevent the wire rope from getting hurt. Tighten the cable tightly to prevent the basket bolts from breaking.

(6) When using casing machines, electric grinding wheels, bench drills, hand drills, the insulation should be good and the grounding should be reliable. The leakage protection device is sensitive and effective.

Third, outside line installation

(1) Before operation, check that the tools (milling, pick, hammer, drill, etc.) are firm and reliable. When digging a pit, the slope should be laid according to the soil quality and depth.

(2) Pole pits are located at the main roads of traffic or where people often pass. After the excavation, the pits should be covered in time and a red light warning should be set at night. When transporting the chassis and lowering the pit, avoid touching your hands or hitting your feet.

(3) When the power pole is transported at the construction site, there should be a special person to direct it. Carriage must be tied firmly to prevent rolling. When a person lifts, they should respond before and after, coordinate, and the pole must not be too high above the ground to prevent a side from being strained.

(4) When the pole is erected manually, it should be directed by a special person. Check the tool before the pole to see if it is firm and reliable. Ground anchors should be firm and reliable, and the rope should be struggling in all directions. When operating, cooperate with each other, obey the command, and balance the force; mechanical poles, people are not allowed to stand under the crane arm, and all live lines over the crane boom's turning radius must be powered off.

(5) When the pole is moved in place, there must be no one in the pit. After the pole is erected, the fork must be erected before the hook can be removed. It is not allowed to remove the forklift, slide rope or horizontal rope after the pole pit filling is tamped.

(6) The tip diameter of the pole is not less than 13cm, and the buried depth is 1/10 of the pole length plus 0.6m. Wooden poles must not be split or decayed, and the roots should be brushed with asphalt to prevent corrosion. Cement rods must be free from tendons, hoop cracks and distortions.

(7) When assembling the crossbar on the pole, the opening of the trap should be appropriate, and it should not be forced too hard.

(8) When working on the pole, it is forbidden to throw materials up and down. The material should be placed in the tool bag, and the small rope passing the material up and down should be firm and reliable. After handing over the materials, leave the pole 3m away.

(9) The tightening wire on the rod should be operated sideways, and the clamping bolts should be tightened. When tightening the angled wire, the operator should work outside. Temporary footrests for tight-fitting clothing should be secure. If a large bamboo ladder is used, the ladder must be tied tightly with a pole. No one should be on the pole when adjusting the cable.

(10) The lead (iron) wire or steel wire rope used for tight ropes should be able to withstand all tensile forces and must be firmly connected to the wires. No one should be under the wire when tightening. When the terminal is tightened, a temporary cable should be set in the opposite direction.

(11) Temporary grounding wire shall be provided once every 2-3km of the line during wiring, and it shall be removed before power transmission. Heavy rain, heavy snow and strong winds above level 6, stop boarding operations.

Fourth, the cable installation

(1) The ground on which the cable shaft is erected must be level. The bracket must be a special bracket with a bottom plane, and it cannot be replaced with a jack or the like. The laying of cables must be carried out in accordance with the safety technical measures, and a special person should be instructed.

(2) When manually pulling the cable, the force should be uniform, the speed should be stable, and no violent running is allowed. Axis inspectors must not stand in front of the cable shaft. When laying the cable, persons at the corner must stand outside the cable's bending radius. The personnel passing through the pipe must do so: their hands should not be too close to the pipe mouth when sending the cable; when welcoming the cable, eyes and body are strictly not allowed to face the pipe mouth directly.

(3) When laying cables vertically, there must be safety measures to prevent the cables from slipping out of control. After the cable is put out, it should be fixed and fastened immediately.

(4) When manually rolling the cable, the person pushing the shaft must not stand in front of the cable, and the position of the two personnel must not exceed the center of the cable shaft. When the cable goes up and down the slope, it should be carried out smoothly and slowly through the iron pipe in the center hole of the cable shaft and the rope tied to the iron pipe. When the cable stops, the rope is tightened and the brakes are hidden in time. The slope of human rolling cable should not exceed 15 °.

(5) When the car is transporting the cable, the cable should be placed as far as possible in front of the head of the car (the follower must stand behind the cable), and fixed with a wire rope.

(6) When laying cables in the trenches of the substations that have already been powered on, the switch cabinet that the cables enter must be powered off. And measures such as insulating partitions should be used. When operating near the switchgear, the safety distance must not be less than 1m (switchgear below 10kV). If the cable is laid for a long time, it must be bundled and fixed or measures must be taken. It is strictly forbidden for the cable to contact the charged body.

(7) When excavating a cable trench, the slope should be laid according to the soil quality and depth. When constructing cable trenches near traffic corridors or in more prosperous areas, railings and signs should be set up, and red sign lights should be set up at night.

(8) When laying cables in the tunnel, the voltage of temporary lighting shall not be greater than 36V. The ground should be cleaned up before construction to drain water.

Five, electrical commissioning

(1) The metal casing of the pressure test device must be grounded. If the two ends of the equipment or cable to be debugged are not at the same location, the other end should be guarded or locked by a special person and a warning sign should be hung. After the instrument and grounding check are correct, the personnel can evacuate the voltage before stepping up.

(2) Non-impact tests of electrical equipment or materials, step-up or step-down, should be performed slowly. Suspend for some reason or the test is over, the power should be cut off and discharged safely. Short-circuit and ground the high-voltage side of the booster.

(3) When debugging the power transmission system and high and low voltage switches, the relevant switch handles should be removed or locked, and signs should be hung. It is strictly forbidden to close.

(4) Use a shaking meter to measure the insulation resistance. It is strictly forbidden for anyone to touch the line or equipment being measured. After measuring the capacitive or inductive equipment materials, it must be discharged. In case of lightning weather, stop measuring the insulation of the line.

(5) It is forbidden to open circuit for current transformer, and short circuit for voltage transformer is prohibited. When electrical materials or equipment need to be discharged, wear insulation protective equipment and use an insulation rod to discharge safely.

6. Substation power distribution and maintenance at the construction site

(1) On-site substation high-voltage equipment, regardless of whether it is live or not, it is strictly forbidden for a single person on duty to cross the fence and engage in repair work.

(2) When part of the high-voltage live area is out of work, the human body and the live part must maintain a safe distance and should be monitored by someone.

(3) In the substation and distribution room, the external high-voltage parts and lines should be carried out in order. The ground wire should be hung during power failure and power check, and the operation handle should be locked or labelled.

(4) Insulation gloves must be worn during the electricity test, and the electroscope should be used according to the voltage level. Check the electricity on each side of the equipment or on each phase of the line. After confirming that the equipment or line is really without power, the equipment or line will be short-circuited and grounded.

(5) The installation of the ground wire should be carried out by two persons. Connect the ground terminal first and then the conductor terminal. The order is reversed when removing. Wear insulation protective equipment when disconnecting. After the equipment or line is overhauled, the ground wire can only be removed after a comprehensive inspection.

(6) Multi-strand soft bare copper wire with a cross-section of not less than 25mm2 and special wire clamps should be used for the ground wire. It is forbidden to use winding method for grounding and short circuit.

(7) Use insulating rods or traditional mechanisms to pull and close the high-voltage switch. Wear insulating gloves. When operating outdoors on a rainy day, in addition to wearing insulation protective equipment, the insulation rod should have a rain cover and should be specially monitored. Do not pull or close the switch with load.

(8) The metal casing of electrical equipment must be grounded or connected to zero. The same equipment can be grounded and connected to zero. The same power supply system does not allow some devices to be connected to zero and the other to be grounded.

(9) The rated current of fuses (chips) used in electrical equipment should be compatible with their load. It is strictly forbidden to replace fuses (chips) with other metal wires.

Seven, construction site lighting installation

(1) The construction site should be illuminated with high light efficiency and long life. Workplaces must not be equipped with only local lighting. For places that require large areas, high-pressure mercury lamps,

Lighting installation

For sodium pressure lamps or iodine tungsten lamps, the net distance between the lamp head and flammable materials shall not be less than 0.3m. When the liquid iodine tungsten lamp is installed with a metal bracket, the bracket should be stable, and the lamp and the metal bracket must be separated by an insulation material of not less than 0.2m.

(2) When the construction lighting fixtures are installed in the open air, waterproof lighting fixtures shall be used, and the height from the ground shall not be lower than 3m. The lighting fixtures of the work shed and the ground can be controlled by separate routes. The number of connected lights on each lighting branch line must not exceed 10. If it exceeds 10, a fuse should be installed on each fixture.

(3) The indoor lighting fixtures must not be lower than 2.4m from the ground. The number of lighting fixtures and sockets on each lighting branch line should not exceed 25, the rated current should not be greater than 15A, and it should be protected by fuses or automatic switches.

(4) General construction sites should choose lighting lamps with a rated voltage of 220V. Lamp heads with switches are not allowed. Screw heads should be used. The phase wire is connected to the end connected to the center contact, and the neutral wire is connected to the end connected to the screw port. The insulating shell of the lamp cap must be free from damage and leakage, and the metal shell of the lighting fixture must be protected to zero. A leakage protection switch must be installed in the lighting switch box of a single circuit.

(5) The lighting power voltage should not be greater than 36V for work lights used for local lighting on the scene, indoor plastering, terrazzo floor, and other wet operating environments. The power supply voltage of lighting fixtures working in particularly humid, well-conductive floors, boilers, or metal containers must not be greater than 12V. The working hand lamp should be protected by a plastic handle and a net cover.

(6) The 36V lighting transformer must use a double winding type, and the secondary coil, iron core, and metal case must be reliably protected to zero. Fuses should be installed on the primary and secondary sides respectively, and the length of the primary line should not exceed 3m. Lighting transformers must be protected against rain and smash.

(7) Lighting lines must not be tethered to metal scaffolding or gantry frames, and it is strictly forbidden to drag or drag on the ground. When the luminaire needs to be installed on metal scaffolding or gantry, the lines and luminaires must be separated from it by insulation, and the height from the working surface should be above 3m. The control knife shall be equipped with fuses and rain protection measures.

(8) The lighting fixtures at the construction site shall be controlled in groups or single lamps. ^[2]