What Is Remedial Education?

In the past two decades, tutoring education has become a very large industry worldwide. It is accompanied by the formal education system and is called the "shadow" system of formal education. This "shadow" absorbed tens of thousands of people into employment, consumed a lot of funds, and occupied a lot of time for teachers and students. ^[1]

Tuition education

Right!

In the past two decades, tutoring education has become a very large industry worldwide. It is accompanied by the formal education system and is called the "shadow" system of formal education. This "shadow" absorbed tens of thousands of people into employment, consumed a lot of funds, and occupied a lot of time for teachers and students. ^[1]

In our country, "shadow"

The survey found that nationwide

Although the tuition system is huge,

Family choice supplementary education is an individual choice behavior. Generally speaking, the government should respect the choices made by the family. However, when a behavior becomes a universal phenomenon, the behavior gathers and has a social impact, the "overflow" effect. The existence of the "spillover" effect does not mean that the government must take measures to intervene, but it does reflect

The social survey data and the case of the international community both show the necessity of gradually accepting the supplementary education system in the design of the system. The relevant departments and the public should have a full estimate of the inherent accompanying relationship between this "shadow" education and formal education. Comprehensive understanding. Compulsory education policy must find a suitable mechanism, set up a buffer zone, resolve and alleviate this contradiction. At present, in order to improve the operating mechanism between formal education and "shadow" education, the following measures are urgently needed.
1. Establish a national key indicator system for social development, include the main educational expenditure columns of families in social development monitoring indicators, and systematically understand the educational behavior of families. At present, many countries have established their own key indicators of social development, such as the US National Key Indicator System, which monitors 38 indicators related to people's livelihood in order to identify issues and areas that require further research. Australia develops key economic, social and environmental indicators, aggregates subjective survey indicators and objective indicators into a structured indicator group, and releases an annual report based on this.It is important for policy formulation, communication between the government and the public, and fostering social rationality. influences. China also has a monitoring index system for various industries, but it does not include surveys and analysis of people's behavior. For decision-making, this lacks information from popular preferences.

2. Delineate a clear boundary between the formal education and the tutorial education system, and strictly regulate the behavior of primary and secondary schools. In the United States, in addition to the compulsory education services provided directly by the government, there are at least six ways to provide diversified services: government sale and intergovernmental agreement methods for inter-school district students, franchising, government subsidies, private education, voluntary services (Mainly education provided by the church), self-service (home education), etc. It is a fundamental principle of public services to leave a choice within the institutional framework. Even if the government does good things, it is impossible to satisfy everyone's needs with a menu. If the issue of diversity supply cannot be handled well, it is likely to occur "Good intentions do bad things" phenomenon. However, the diversified supply must provide a boundary between various methods. As the so-called "going different ways", in education practice, the public does have objective requirements for vacation tuition in primary and secondary schools, but it should be left to the market to meet What the government has to do is to monitor and regulate the tuition education market and guide people's education needs. If the government-run primary and secondary schools engage in supplementary education, it will not only bring some practical problems, but also confuse the boundary between "real body" and "shadow", which is not conducive to standardizing school behavior.

3. Actively explore parental involvement and community-based after-school care services. The care function of primary and secondary schools is an objective requirement of parents. In the process of banning tuition classes in primary and secondary schools, after-school care is also banned. From the practice of developed countries, providing care services to families is an important part of social welfare. In the primary and secondary school premises, organizing parents or the community to provide care services is an effective alternative way to carry out family services and strengthen students' after-school communication while regulating school behaviors.

4. Carry out a special survey on the effectiveness of tuition education, help parents understand the limitations of tuition education, and guide parents to rational consumption. Remedial education is a family's choice behavior. It is inappropriate for the relevant departments to stop some irrational consumption by issuing a ban in this field. It may affect the seriousness of the policy or the ban because of the large implementation cost. South Korea has issued an injunction prohibiting all tuition education (1980), but the result is that Korean parents spend 1.5 times the total amount of government education investment. This sharp contrast tells us that blindly banning tutoring is by no means a wise choice. By providing data and introductions, it helps parents understand the limitations of tuition education and build an information platform for communication between the government and the public.

5. Provide government compensation education services for rural and urban low-income families. The biggest problem brought about by the market-based tutoring education system is to widen the class gap. In order to reduce this negative impact, in the long run, urbanization development and poverty reduction need to be continuously promoted. However, in the short term, some voluntary organizations' art education programs and assistance programs for students with poor students from rural and urban poor families can play a good role in social demonstration and help guide market-based tutoring institutions to perform some Social responsibility to help vulnerable groups.

6. In the long run, the government management department also needs to change the quality selective examination system to a "quality + social responsibility" type selection system to transform the self-interested competitive behavior of families into public behaviors that are beneficial to society. In the compulsory education stage, there is a fundamental contradiction between the government's efforts to equalize compulsory education and the family's competitive education investment. It is natural for parents to want their children to stand out. It is unrealistic to try to change parents' behavioral motivation. Therefore, the design of the system should be transformed from "blocking" to "sparse". In various college entrance examinations, taking the social service experience of students as the assessment content, guiding parents and students to transform the enthusiasm for tutoring education into the prisoner s dilemma into a motivation for social services. Singapore's key institutional design for solving school selection issues.

After more than two decades of hard work, China has achieved the great goal of universal compulsory education. This not only demonstrates the feat of "education in poor countries to run a big education", but also provides a "Chinese model" for governments to mobilize social resources to invest in compulsory education, and has become a model country for international organizations to implement the EFA strategy. However, if we consider that providing benchmark education opportunities to every school-age child completes the task of institution building, then the problem is oversimplified. In fact, the issues of "choose school", "tuition education", and "mobile children's education" are testing the adaptability of China's compulsory education system, and China's education system needs to be continuously "processed" to improve "system performance". ^[3]