What Are A Notes?

Reading notes are notes that you take to record your reading experience or to organize the wonderful parts of the text. While reading, writing reading notes is a great way to train reading. Memory is important for accumulating knowledge, but it cannot be relied on. Lenin had an amazing memory, but he diligently wrote down a lot of reading notes. As the saying goes, "It's better to remember than to write badly." Therefore, the Russian writer Tolstoy asked himself: always have a pencil and a notebook with him, and write down all the wonderful places and words when reading and talking. Write down important knowledge if you don't understand it.

[dú sh b jì]

When we read a book or article, we encountered a wonderful part of the text or a good phrase and our own experience, experience, a style of writing it down anytime, anywhere. To read:

Reading notes come in many forms. The main forms are:

notebook

The volume of notebooks can be used to copy the original text, write outlines, remember experiences, and write reviews. The advantage is easy to save, the disadvantage is that it is inconvenient to classify,

"

Reading notes are an application style that people write to help them remember.

Since ancient times, Chinese literati and scholars have attached great importance to taking notes. Taking reading notes is not only an effective means of digesting book knowledge, but also can accumulate useful materials, train the logic and organization of thinking, and improve the ability to analyze and solve problems.

Combining reading notes written by predecessors, I want to talk about three ways of writing. One is called "Summary of Hook Xuan", the other is "Pick flowers and honey" and the other is "Kaishan Cast Copper".

Reading notes summary

Han Yu, a famous writer in the Tang dynasty, said in his book "Jin Xue Jie" that he wrote reading notes, saying, "The memoist must ask for it, and the writer must be hooked." The incident was written down. He read the philosophy book and took out the main points. Several of Han Yu's reading notes remain in his collection. There is an article on "Reading" The Crown Prince ". Quoted below, to see how he wrote the reading notes of the abstract. Its contents are as follows:

There are nine articles in "Guan Guanzi", and the words are mixed with the old names of Huang. In his "Bo Xuan Pian", the sayings of "Four Ji" and "Five to" should be regarded as crickets. When making people meet, help the way to the country, how little merit! Those who claimed that "birth was born with no use, lost the boat, and lost a pot of gold", Yu San read his words and was sad. The text is ridiculous, so that there are five characters in the correct thirty, three in the second, two in the twenty, and two in the note ten.

He first wrote down how many books there were. He didn't write who the author was or where he was. Because he couldn't check, the author didn't write his name and place of origin. Then point out what the book is about. This book belongs to the pre-Qin philosophers. The pre-Qin philosophers are divided into many schools, so it is pointed out that "the word is mixed with the old name of Huang Lao." Huang Lao is Taoist, speaking of Huang Di and Lao Tzu's theory; It is pointed out that the content of this book is Taoism and law. Then point out the main points in this book, there is a piece called "Bo Xuan Pian", which puts forward the doctrines of "four inspections" and "five to". The four inspections point out that from four aspects to investigate, "five to" must reach five Each of these requirements is intended to govern the country. Han Yu believes that his doctrine is very appropriate. If he is appointed by the monarch and uses his methods to govern the country, the effect is quite good. I quoted the book again, saying that something was taken lightly because it was not used. For example, a big gourd, everyone looks down on it. If the boat overturns in the river, you can save your life by holding the big gourd. At this time, a big gourd is worth a thousand dollars. Han Yu's repeated reading of these words caused sorrow. The book uses big gourds to compare talents. Talents are discarded and not used, so they are taken lightly, and Han Yu is sad. Han Yu also corrected the text in the book and corrected 35 characters. There were three mistakes in the upside-down character, twenty-two wrong characters were erased, and twelve correct characters were indicated next to them.

From this we will see how the abstract reading notes are written. It's not just writing down the gist of a book. Make a note of how many books there are, and what they are mainly about. Then write down what the main points are, and write your own views on these points, and write your own opinions. He also picked out some wonderful words, expressed his own opinions, and finally mentioned the correction of the text in the book. From the "three readings of their words and sadness", the imaginary number of the "three" indicates repeated reading. It can be seen that Han Yu encountered such wonderful words, not to read it, but to read it repeatedly. This is the reading note of the abstract written by Han Yu. It does take notes, but also writes down your own opinions on these points, including expressing your feelings. Also give a general description of the content of the book. Then not only read a book, but also think about it after reading it. From the content of the whole book to the wonderful chapters, to the wonderful words, you should consider it until you miss the typos in the book. From here, we can learn not only how to write abstract reading notes, but also how he reads.

Reading notes picking flowers and honey

Bees picking sweet liquor from flowers to make honey, which can't be made from picking a flower's sweet liquor, is collected from a variety of flowers. Some reading notes are the author's opinion after reading a lot of books, through comparative research. It is like bees making honey. Such reading notes are wonderfully written, different from general views. Like Zhu Xi's "Zhu Zi Genre":

Yuan Ming's poems are said to be flat talk. According to some, his pride is unrestrained, but he is unwilling to be unconscious. The one who reveals the truth is a piece of "A Wings of Jing Jing", how can people who talk flatly say so.

And Gong Zizhen's "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems":

Tao Qianku intends to be Wolonghao, and the ancient Poyang Songju is tall. The poet of Mo Xin actually talked flatly.

There are various forms of reading notes, one of the excerpts mentioned above; the other two are mentioned here, one is essay and the other is poetry. I just write my own opinions without writing down the number of book titles, etc. I mainly write down my opinions about the book, and even write the number of book titles in a poem form.

The above quote from Zhu Xi, a poem by Gong Zizhen, actually wrote the after-feeling of Tao Yuanming's poems, so it was also discussed as a reading note. "Yuan Ming's poems, people say flat talk", shows that he watched others talk about Tao Yuan Ming, and said that Yuan Ming's poems are flat talk. "According to a certain person, he reads with pride", he read Yuan Ming's poems, which is different from other people's views, and thinks that flat talk is superficial and free-spirited. "But the unrestrained is unconscious," he also read many unrestrained poems. After comparison, he thinks that the unrestrained poems of Yuan Ming's poems are different from the unrestrained poems of others, and his unrestrained poems are not revealed. There is also an exposition of "A Wing of Jing". He reached this point by reading others' poems about Yuan Ming and examining them with Yuan Ming's poems; reading other bold poems for comparison with Yuan Ming's poems; He not only saw the flat conversation on the surface of Yuan Ming's poems, but also saw his boldness in the poem "Yong Jing Yuan". Looking at other poems written by him again, we can see that through the surface conversation, the bones are bold, that is, the character of Yuan Ming is seen from the poems. This is just like a bee collecting flowers and honey, which was read through a lot of books and came out through comparative research.

Gong Zizhen's poems mainly adopted Zhu Xi's arguments, but added new ones: one is to compare Zhu Geliang's boldness with Tao Yuanming's, the other is to praise the superb character of Yuan Ming, and the third is to use Zhu Geliang's "Liang Fuyin "And Qu Yuan's" Li Sao "compared with Yuan Yuanming's poems. Here, it is explained that Gong Zizhen not only read Tao Yuanming's poems, but also read the biography of Tao Yuanming and Zhuge Liang, understood the personality of the two people, and read Zhuge Liang's "Liang Fuyin"; he also studied the high-quality people in history. Only then wrote this poem. It is said that Taoyuan Ming is from Liyang and loves pine chrysanthemum. He said, "Fu Gusong and tremble," in "Going Back," and "Drinking," said "under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums." Ju Hesong was used to symbolize the character of Gao Jie. Speaking of this sentence, it shows that he compared Tao Yuanming with the superiors of the past. He also used Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" to compare with Tao Yuanming's poems, and found that Tao Yuanming's boldness, closer to Zhuge Liang, possessed more components; distance from Qu Yuan, possessed less components, because Qu Yuan committed suicide by committing Jiang, Yuan Ming is not so agitated and more philosophical. He is also different from Zhuge Liang, because Yuan Ming is not as successful as Zhuge Liang. Regardless of whether his measurement is proper, after all, he has read a lot of books like collecting flowers and honey, and got it through comparative research.

Reading Notes Kaishan Cast Copper

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Yanwu's "Rizhi Lu" was a great work of reading notes. In "Ten with You", he talked about two kinds of books: one is to collect old money and call it waste copper to make new money, which is both gross and destructive and destroys good old money. One is to mine copper from Kaishan. In his "Zhizhilu", "reading at night and night, and searching again and again, there are only a dozen, but I also pick a few copper from the mountains." Destroying old money to make new money, probably refers to cutting and pasting old books into new books , Kaishan cast copper, probably refers to the discovery of new problems from many materials and put forward new insights. If it is said that flower and honey harvesting mainly refers to literary studies, then Kaishan Copper Casting mainly refers to academic studies. Here is quoted from the "Zheng Shi Lu" "Zheng Shi" article.

... There is a country of death, and a world of death. Distinguish between the country and the world? Day: Yi surname changed, that is, the country of death. Renyi is stuffed, and as far as cannibalism is concerned, people will eat each other, which means that they will die. ... The protector of his country, his princes, and the flesh-eating ones seek it out; ...

The reading notes written in Rizhilu, called Kaishan Copper Casting, often lead to many books and draw a conclusion from them. If all the cited books are copied, it is too much and inappropriate, so I have to quote a conclusion. Gu Yanwu reached this conclusion from many materials. He said "dead nation" refers to the change of dynasty, so it is only a matter of the princes and officials of that dynasty, which is the official name of that dynasty to consider, and "meat eaters" refers to officials.