The federation is also called a federal state, which refers to a country composed of two or more member units (states, provinces, states, republics, etc.) according to the federal constitution. The federation is the most important form of a compound state. Many countries in the world, such as Switzerland, Russia, the United States, Canada, Germany, and India, are federal states. The federal states have their own constitutions and establish federal legislative, judicial, and executive agencies to exercise power directly against federal members and their people; according to the federal constitution, the powers between the federal and its members are divided, and each federal member has its own relatively independent legislation and judicial system. And administrative agencies, have greater autonomy in managing internal affairs; citizens of all members of the Federation have the unified nationality of the Federation; the Federation itself is a unified subject of international law, and diplomatic power is generally exercised by the federal government, and federal members do not qualifications. [1]
[lián bng]
The federation is also called a federal state, which refers to a country composed of two or more member units (states, provinces, states, republics, etc.) according to the federal constitution. The federation is the most important form of a compound state. Many countries in the world, such as Switzerland, Russia, the United States, Canada, Germany, and India, are federal states. The federal states have their own constitutions and establish federal legislative, judicial, and executive agencies to exercise power directly against federal members and their people; according to the federal constitution, the powers between the federal and its members are divided, and each federal member has its own relatively independent legislation and judicial system. And administrative agencies, have greater autonomy in managing internal affairs; citizens of all members of the Federation have the unified nationality of the Federation; the Federation itself is a unified subject of international law, and diplomatic power is generally exercised by the federal government, and federal members do not qualifications. [1]
List of federal states
name
Administrative division
The federation is a country with unified sovereignty. Its members no longer enjoy full sovereignty after joining the federation, but retain some rights to manage internal affairs. The Polish-Lithuanian Federation was the first federal state in the world.
A confederation is a national union of several independent sovereign states formed for a specific purpose. The world's famous confederations include the Commonwealth, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the African Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the League of Arab States.
In short, the Confederacy is the "union of states" and the Federation is the "union of states".
Commonwealth Commonwealth
1. In terms of the state structure, they all belong to the compound system.
2. Can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. For example, with the further concentration and unification of socio-economic and political affairs, the United States, Switzerland, and Germany, which belonged to the Confederacy, were reorganized into a Confederation. On the contrary, the former Soviet Union, which belonged to the Confederation, became the CIS at the end of 1991 (in fact, it has become loose). confederation).
Federal differences
1. The meaning of the two is different. The Commonwealth is also called the "Union State." It is a unified country composed of several member units (republics, states, states, etc.), such as the United States, Germany, and India. A confederation is a state union formed by two or more countries in order to achieve military, trade or other common purposes. For example, modern ASEAN is actually a confederation.
2. The scope of the two is different. The scope of the federation is small, and the scope of the confederation is large. There are federations in the confederation, but there is no confederation in the federation. The European Union includes some federal states, such as Germany.
3. The institutions of the two are different. The Federation has its own legislature and central government. The Confederation does not have the highest legislative and executive organs of the Federation. Its main body is the Confederation's Parliament or the summit of member states.
4. The powers of the two are different. The Federation has its own constitution and laws. The federal status is higher than the constituent units. All major powers belong to the federal central government. Federal law is the highest law of the country. The laws of the states must not conflict with it. The judgment of the federal courts applies to All states, state governments, courts, and citizens have an obligation to comply; states that participate in the federation can formulate their own constitutions and laws in accordance with the federal constitution, can establish their own legislative, executive, and judicial organs, and exercise power in their own jurisdictions Leading governments at all levels. The activities of the Confederacy are limited to specific aspects. The resolutions of its summits must be approved by the member states before they can take effect. Power.
5. The international exchanges between the two are different. The Federation is the subject of international exchanges, but some federal states also allow member states to have certain diplomatic powers. The Confederation is not the main subject of international exchanges, and its member states maintain their internal and diplomatic independence. It is still a member state with a sovereign entity.
