What Is a Social Security Plan?

Social security is a system in which the state or the government is the main body, and according to the law, through the redistribution of national income, citizens are given material assistance in the event of temporary or permanent loss of labor capacity and life difficulties due to various reasons to protect their basic lives. . The essence is the pursuit of fairness, the main body of responsibility is the state or the government, and the goal is to meet the needs of citizens' basic living standards. At the same time, it must be based on legislation or laws. The social security system in the modern sense is the product of industrialization. It is marked by a series of social insurance decrees issued and implemented by the German Bismarck government in the 1880s. It has experienced development, maturity, improvement, and reform in different periods. Factors, economy, population environment, etc., have formed a unique model of social security system. China's social security system mainly includes social insurance, social assistance, social preferential treatment and social welfare. ^[1]

Social security is a system in which the state or the government is the main body, and according to the law, through the redistribution of national income, citizens are given material assistance in the event of temporary or permanent loss of labor capacity and life difficulties due to various reasons to protect their basic lives. . The essence is the pursuit of fairness, the main body of responsibility is the state or the government, and the goal is to meet the needs of citizens' basic living standards. At the same time, it must be based on legislation or laws. The social security system in the modern sense is the product of industrialization. It is marked by a series of social insurance decrees issued and implemented by the German Bismarck government in the 1880s. It has experienced development, maturity, improvement, and reform in different periods. Factors, economy, population environment, etc., have formed a unique model of social security system. China's social security system mainly includes social insurance, social assistance, social preferential treatment and social welfare. ^[1]

Social security as a

The term social security originated from the Social Security Act of 1935 in the United States. The Social Work Dictionary, published by the United States in 1999, defines social security as: "a society who encounters difficulties that have been defined by law

In the 60 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the urban social security system has been gradually established and improved, and the construction of the rural social security system has been progressing smoothly. ^[4]

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to social security work.

Especially since the 16th CPC National Congress, we have adhered to the people-oriented, comprehensive and sustainable scientific development concept, paid more attention to the protection and improvement of people's livelihood, and made new steps in the construction of the social security system. We have established a basic medical insurance system for urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical system; implemented an urban and rural medical assistance system to substantially increase the level of basic medical insurance in the new medical reform; established a rural minimum living security system; continued to improve the basic endowment insurance system for urban employees, Vigorously promote the provincial-level co-ordination of funds and the transfer and continuity of pension insurance across regions; the scale of pension insurance funds continues to expand and effectively realize value preservation and appreciation; increase the pension of enterprise retirees for 8 consecutive years; and solve the closure of bankrupt state-owned enterprise retirees across the country A number of issues left over from history such as medical insurance, old-age injury treatment, and collective enterprise retirees' participation in endowment insurance. The establishment and improvement of these systems has allowed more and more urban and rural residents to enjoy benefits, and has brought us closer to the goal of basic social security for everyone ^[3]

Labor relations and protection of labor rights

Tripartite mechanisms for coordinating labor relations have generally been established in cities at and above the national level. Continue to promote the implementation of the three-year action plan of the labor contract system, promote the employment unit and laborers to sign and perform labor contracts according to law, and the labor contract signing rate has steadily increased.

At the end of 2008, 76 central enterprises have been reviewed and approved for the reform of the separation of the auxiliary and auxiliary industries, involving 5,315 restructuring units, and 887,000 people were resettled.

Throughout the year, labor dispute arbitration institutions at all levels nationwide handled a total of 964,000 labor dispute cases (including outstanding dispute cases from the previous year). Among them, 693,000 cases were filed in the current period, and 237,000 cases were mediated outside the current period. The number of labor dispute cases filed during the current period increased by 98.0% over the previous year, involving 1.214 million workers. Among them, there were 22,000 collective labor disputes involving 503,000 workers. The arbitration agency concluded 623,000 cases in the current period, with a closing rate of 86%. At the end of the year, there were 104,000 outstanding cases.

As of the end of 2008, there were 3,291 labor security inspection agencies nationwide, and the establishment rate of labor security inspection agencies was 94.7%. Labor security departments at all levels are equipped with 23,000 full-time labor security inspectors.

Special inspection activities such as the payment of migrant workers' wages, the rectification of the human resources market order, the rectification of illegal employment, cracking down on illegal crimes, and compliance with the Labor Contract Law by employers were carried out throughout the country. A total of 1.712 million employers conducted a written review, investigated and handled 481,000 complaint cases, and investigated and handled 483,000 cases of various labor security violations. Through labor security supervision and enforcement, the employer was ordered to sign labor contracts for 15.617 million workers, the employer was ordered to pay 8.33 billion yuan in salaries and other benefits to 6.98 million workers, and urged 164,000 employers to pay social insurance premiums. 4.9 billion yuan, urged 126,000 employers to go through social insurance registration and declaration, banned 7192 illegal employment agencies, and ordered employers to return 89 million yuan of risk deposits to workers.

Although social security systems in Western countries are alleviating

Social security is a protector of labor reproduction

One of the functions of social security is in

First, establish according to law. That is, the modern social security system follows the principle of legislation first, establishes the social security system through social security legislation, and the legal norms are the objective basis and basis on which the social security system is established.

Second, people-oriented. Its purpose is to protect and improve national life and promote national welfare, including economic security and service security.

Third, it has economic welfare. That is, from the perspective of direct economic interests, the benefits of the beneficiaries are greater than the costs due to the participation and sharing of responsibilities between the government, employers, and all sectors of society.

Fourth, it belongs to socialized behavior. That is, the official person or social group is responsible for the implementation of social security, rather than the direct correspondence between the supplier and the beneficiary.

In terms of levels, social security can be divided into the following three levels:

China's social security system is a joint responsibility of the central government and local governments at all levels. The social security system is a basic system in modern countries. Whether the social security system is complete has become

China's social security system is

In the social security system, fairness and efficiency are the goals pursued by social security.

The relationship between the two is not directly related, but connected indirectly through economic development. The key lies in:

Opportunity cost> benefit, the two contradict each other,

Opportunity cost <benefit, the two complement each other.

Fairness is based on efficiency. If the social security system impedes economic development, it is meaningless, even if it is fair.

Fairness without efficiency is nowhere.

At the same time, efficiency is guaranteed by fairness. If the distribution of wealth is not fair, the economic system will face serious problems of dynamics, social unrest and efficiency.

China's endowment insurance, medical insurance and other social security systems were gradually established in the late 1990s. Associate Professor Qiu Yulin, director of the Department of Social Security at Renmin University of China, told reporters that China currently has a large gap in professional labor security personnel, and that most of the personnel engaged in labor security work are previously employed in labor and personnel. Many people have also been trained but still lack professional qualities.

The training objective of the social security major is to meet the needs of the cultivation and development of China's labor market, the continuous improvement of the internal human resource management system of the enterprise, and the needs of the construction of the social security system? To cultivate a solid economics, management, sociology, and social security Professional knowledge learned? Familiar with the theory of socialist market economy? Master modern management techniques and methods? Can be engaged in labor and social security work in government departments, policy research departments, large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions, and have advanced theoretical research capabilities Talent.
This major requires students to systematically master the basic knowledge and basic theories of economics, labor economics, and social security; master Marxist theory and Deng Xiaoping theory; familiar with the basic knowledge, basic theory, and basic methods in the field of labor and social security? Familiar with the Party and National policies and regulations on labor and social security? Understand the history and current situation of domestic and foreign labor and social security systems and their development trends. Possesses the ability to use modern technical means such as computers for investigation, analysis and practical operation; has strong written and oral abilities; masters basic methods of Chinese and foreign literature retrieval and data query; masters a foreign language; has good physical fitness and psychology Quality.

As early as in ancient society, various forms of social relief and assistance activities have appeared. Such as some religious organizations

In the 1990s in China, there was a surge in social security research. "Social Security Theory and Practice" (edited by Huang Nengjian, Reform Press, published in 1995) is one of the earliest monographs on social security theory in China. The book has 270,000 words in ten chapters and is not widely distributed in the society, but because it is published by the Reform Press of the National System Reform Commission and meets the needs of the theory of reform at that time and its systemicity, its impact and role are worthy of recognition.

The main theory:

With the goal of establishing social security,

Social security is the security of people's livelihood and it affects the well-being of everyone and every family.

On the eve of the two sessions, the results of the Ten Hot Issues Survey jointly launched by the People s Daily s Political and Cultural Department and People s Daily s twelfth session showed that Social Security ranked first in the popularity of options with 18% and 142,501 votes. Since 2010, "endowment insurance" has become the number one hot topic for the first time. The topic of social security has taken the top spot for four consecutive years, and it has become the most concerned content of the two issues.

As far as social security is concerned, what China needs to perform is an unprecedented task in terms of scale: weaving a safety net that covers 1.35 billion people and runs through pensions, medical care, employment, social assistance, and welfare. The state is enclosing it, buffering the risks of various stalls and imbalances.

The government work report by Premier Wen Jiabao shows that in the past five years, the party and government have comprehensively promoted the construction of the social security system, established a new rural social endowment insurance and urban residents' social endowment insurance system, and the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents has achieved full coverage. The endowment insurance coverage reached 790 million people. The basic pension for enterprise retirees increased from 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1721 yuan.

In the recommendations for future work, the government work report stated that "the social security system should be improved. Adhere to the principle of full coverage, basic security, multi-levels, and sustainability, continuously expand the coverage of social security, increase the level of overall planning and security, and strengthen the improvement of various systems. Connect with them, enhance fairness, adapt to mobility, and ensure sustainability. This year, the basic pension of corporate retirees will continue to increase by 10%, and the subsidy standards for urban and rural minimum guarantees and preferential treatment targets will also be further improved. It is necessary to increase the social pension service system and children. Support for the establishment of welfare institutions. "

The goal of basic social security for all is getting closer and closer to us. Up to now, China's medical insurance system has covered more than 1.3 billion people, including NCMS, urban employee medical insurance, and urban resident medical insurance, and "universal medical insurance" has become a reality. The implementation of the new rural insurance pilot program in 2009, the pilot implementation of the urban residents 'endowment insurance program in 2011, and the deployment of these two insurance systems throughout the country, in just over three years, China has realized the urban and rural residents' social endowment insurance system from scratch and then A historic leap in full system coverage. This is another huge achievement in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is a concrete embodiment of our party's concept of governing for the people. It is also a key step for China to promote social fairness and justice, protect and improve people's livelihood, and gradually realize the equalization of basic public services.

As Hu Xiaoyi, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and deputy minister of human resources and social security, said, "In just a few years, hundreds of millions of people have been included in the social security coverage, and the establishment of the world's largest social security plan is a remarkable achievement. " ^[5]

Ten events of China's social security in 2015 ^[6]

Establishment of endowment insurance system for staff of institutions and institutions;

Acceleration and upgrading of the "Charity Law of the People's Republic of China";

The State Council has decided to reduce the three insurance rates for unemployment, work injury and maternity insurance;

The Chinese Social Security Society was established in Beijing;

The temporary assistance system is fully implemented nationwide;

The General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on the Comprehensive Implementation of Major Disease Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents";

The State Council promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Investment of Basic Pension Insurance Funds;

China announced that it will achieve a comprehensive poverty alleviation for the rural poor by 2020;

The State Council has decided to establish a comprehensive welfare subsidy system for the disabled;

The National Audit Office announced the audit results of lottery funds.