What Are Acceptable Glucose Levels?

Glucose tolerance refers to the body's ability to regulate blood glucose concentration. After eating rice, pasta or glucose, normal people are almost completely absorbed by the intestine, which raises blood sugar, stimulates insulin secretion, increases glycogen synthesis in liver, inhibits decomposition, reduces liver glycogen output, and uses glucose in tissue Increased, so the highest blood glucose after meals does not exceed 10.0mmol / L, and more or less blood glucose is kept within a relatively stable range after eating. This shows that normal people have a strong tolerance for glucose, that is, glucose tolerance is normal. However, if the insulin secretion is insufficient, it can exceed 7.8mmol / L within 2 hours after oral administration of 75g glucose, which can be equal to or greater than 11.1mmol / L, indicating that the person has reduced glucose tolerance.

Glucose tolerance

Glucose tolerance refers to the body's ability to regulate blood glucose concentration. After eating rice, pasta or glucose, normal people are almost completely absorbed by the intestine, which raises blood sugar, stimulates insulin secretion, increases glycogen synthesis, and breaks down

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is most important

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WHO standardized OGTT:

The WHO recommends that 75 g of glucose for adults, 100 g for pregnant women, 1.75 g per kilogram of body weight for children, total 75 g should be dissolved in 250 ml of water and taken orally within 5 minutes. Fasting blood was taken before taking sugar, and blood was taken every 30 minutes after taking sugar for four times. Blood was collected while urine was measured every 1 hour. Draw a glucose tolerance curve according to each blood glucose level.

The sugar content in daily food should be no less than 150 g three days before the test, and normal activities should be maintained. The drugs affecting the test should be stopped three days before the test. Do not smoke, drink coffee, drink tea, or eat throughout the trial.

Do clinically

1. Normal glucose tolerance:

Fasting blood glucose <6.1mmol / L (110mg / dl), oral glucose reaches a peak for 30 ~ 60min, the peak value is <11.1mmol / L (200mg / dl); return to normal level within 2 hours, that is <7.8mmol / L (140mg / dl ), Urine sugar (-).

This kind of glucose tolerance curve shows that the body's sugar load capacity is good.

1. OGTT is affected by many factors, such as age, diet, health status, gastrointestinal function, certain drugs and mental factors. False positives can be found in malnutrition, prolonged bed rest, mental stress, acute and chronic diseases; oral contraceptives,

1. Impaired glucose tolerance: the increase in blood glucose is higher than that of normal people, and the time to return to fasting levels is prolonged. Such as:

Study of American Pima Indian Population Shows Type 2

Many countries in the world have tried

Research in Daqing, China shows that lifestyle intervention makes

Because 50% of type 2 diabetes cases in the population can only be detected after screening, screening for the following high-risk groups is recommended:

(I) Screening of IGT and IFG population:

Screening method: It is recommended to use OGTT. In case of difficulty in performing OGTT, only fasting blood glucose can be monitored. However, monitoring only fasting blood glucose may miss the diagnosis.

Screening the population

The key screening groups are those aged 45 years, especially those aged 45 years with overweight (BMI 24). If the screening results are normal, repeat the test after 3 years. Those younger than 45 years of age have other risk factors: obesity (BMI 28); first-degree relatives of diabetic patients; high-risk race; history of birth or gestational diabetes in gigantic children (birth weight 4Kg); (140 / 90mmHg); HDL-C35mg / dl (0.91mmol / L) and TG250 mg / dl (2.75mmol / L); People with impaired glucose tolerance and / or impaired fasting blood glucose. If the screening results are normal, repeat the test after 3 years (see the "Primary Prevention of Diabetes" section).

2. Fasting blood glucose measurement

It should be done on an empty stomach at least 8 hours overnight in the morning.

(B) Lifestyle and drug intervention

1. Lifestyle intervention

Relatively moderate lifestyle corrections have benefits.

General requirements: Staple food reduction of 2 to 3 two / day; exercise increase of 150 minutes / week; weight loss of 5% to 7%.

The goals of lifestyle change are:

(1) Make BMI reach or close to 24, or reduce weight by at least 5% ~ 7%

(2) Reduce the total daily calories by at least 400 ~ 500cal.

(3) Saturated fatty acid intake accounts for less than 30% of total fatty acid intake.

(4) Increased physical activity to 250-300 minutes / week

1. Drug intervention

Who needs drug intervention? When did drug intervention begin? What drug interventions should be used? How long or lifetime does the intervention take? These need to be further considered, only using drug intervention as a supplementary method of lifestyle intervention. Questions about screening and intervention for people at high risk for type 1 diabetes. Because of the low prevalence of type 1 diabetes, universal screening is not recommended and screening for high-risk populations is not recommended.