What are Biopsy Needles?

Biopsy needles are used for sampling and aspiration of cells from pyramidal tumors and unknown tumors of various organs such as kidney, liver, lung, breast, thyroid, prostate, pancreas, testis, uterus, ovary, body surface and other organs. Medical equipment.

Chinese name: Biopsy needle
Foreign name: Biopsy Needle

Management category: Class III medical devices
Category Name: Injection puncture instrument

Features of biopsy needles

An ergonomic handle, a lug lock that can be connected to a syringe after surgery, a special cap to safely remove the sample, and multiple types of biopsy needles for bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow collection / transplantation. The operation is safe and reliable, with short time and fast recovery.

Common needle types in biopsy needles

The selection of biopsy needles has an important impact on the process of medical diagnosis and treatment. The common clinical needle types are shown in Figure 1 ^[1] .

Figure 1 Common needle types in clinical biopsy

Biopsy needle classification

Bone cement needle

Vertebroplasty set DBBN trocar (bone cement needle) is easy to place into the periosteum and bone cortex; the needle handle is highly permeable, which can ensure accurate positioning when introduced into the vertebra; 30 ° spoon-shaped trocar is available for introduction re-locate. Bevel needles: The bevels on the inside and outside of the needle are matched, and the outer tube is slanted to conform to the periosteum; it can be positioned as required.

Bone biopsy needle

Used for bone biopsy of various parts of the body.

3. Shotgun biopsy needle

Accurate positioning, easy operation, wide range of needle size and length, suitable for a variety of organ and tissue biopsy needs.

Features: Lightweight, compact, strong self-supporting force, can be operated with one hand, fast and accurate; sharp outer tube edge helps to ensure the integrity of the tissue; the needle tip is highly visible under the ultrasound image; when cutting tissue, the core needle It does not move; the bevel of the needle tip is sharp, and it is quick and easy to insert, with little damage to organs and surrounding tissues; the bullet gun type mechanical system is fast and accurate.

Lung biopsy needle

It is used for lung biopsy; the toothed edge of the suction tube facilitates the collection of tissue specimens; non-ferromagnetic materials help prevent human injury.

5. Suction needle (liver puncture needle, Chiba needle)

For aspiration biopsy.

Examples of Biopsy Needles

Kidney biopsy

Renal puncture is a method of renal pathological diagnosis. There are two main methods: open puncture renal biopsy and transcutaneous biopsy. The latter method is commonly used at home and abroad.

Because many clinical typing methods cannot make a clear diagnosis, there are many deficiencies in judging prognosis, etc. The use of renal biopsy is conducive to clear diagnosis, guiding treatment, judging prognosis, and exploring the relationship between clinical typing and theoretical typing. One of the important means with scientific research level.

Renal biopsy needles are mainly 16G and 18G. Clinical evidence shows that 16G biopsy needles have significantly better renal biopsy results than 18G biopsy needles.

Liver biopsy

Liver biopsy is the main method to diagnose fatty liver. It is mainly used for:

1) The difference between focal fatty liver and tumor.

2) Find out some rare diseases, such as cholesterol ester storage disease and glycogen storage disease.

3) Asymptomatic suspicious nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver biopsy is one of the diagnostic methods.

4) Alcoholic liver disease or unexplained clinical or biochemical abnormalities after quitting drinking.

5) Obese persons who have lost 10% of their original weight and whose liver enzyme abnormality persists need liver biopsy to find other causes.

6) Anyone who is not suspected to be caused by simple hepatocyte steatosis or suspected multiple causes.

3. Breast Cancer Biopsy

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Mammography can find some small breast lesions. To determine the nature of these lesions, a breast biopsy is needed. Stereotacticneedlecorebiopsy (SCNB) with X-ray stereotactic breast biopsy is one of the diagnostic methods developed in recent years and has received widespread attention.

Prostate biopsy

Transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Ultrasound guided biopsy needles are used to reach specific locations of the prostate to take tissues needed for pathological diagnosis.

A biopsy is performed in the following cases:

1) Prostate specific antigen (PSA) exceeds 4ng / dl.

2) Anus refers to the diagnosis of nodules in the prostate.

3) The prostate ultrasound is abnormal.

4) Metastatic adenocarcinoma, whose primary focus is suspected to be prostate cancer.

5. Lung biopsy

Lung biopsy is safe, accurate, simple and reliable, and provides a very scientific and practical method and means for differential diagnosis and treatment. It is mainly applicable to the following situations:

1) Those who can see abnormal echo clumps in the tissues around the lungs and mediastinum by ultrasound.

2) Fibrobronchoscopy around the lung or mediastinal disease fails for various reasons.

3) A pathologist must be selected in order to choose a treatment plan.

4) Know the source of the primary lesion of metastatic cancer.

5) Pulmonary inflammatory masses must be determined for pathological properties and can be treated by drainage.

6) Existing systemic metastasis. Chemotherapy drugs, biological agents, etc. are injected into the mediastinum and lumps around the lungs to prolong patient life.

6. Other applications

For biopsy of various unknown lymph node masses.

Sampling procedure for biopsy needle

The first step: the hollow needle and the solid needle are punctured into the soft tissue together to achieve positioning before reaching the target position;

Step 2: The solid needle stays still, and the hollow needle continues to penetrate the soft tissue forward until it reaches the target position;

Step 3: After the hollow needle obtains the biopsy tissue at the target position, the tissue sample and the biopsy needle are withdrawn to the outside of the soft tissue together by vacuum suction. as shown in picture 2.

Figure 2 Sampling steps for biopsy needle

Precautions for taking biopsy needle after biopsy

After the biopsy needle removes the diseased tissue, it needs to be submitted for examination in time. Pay attention to the following when submitting the examination:

1. Fill in the pathological examination application form one by one as required.

2. The container holding the specimen should be large enough to ensure that the specimen remains in its original shape and the mouth should be large to facilitate the loading and unloading of the specimen. The outside of the container should be labelled with: patient's name, gender, specimen name, hospital number, bed number, etc. When submitting samples for inspection, be careful not to confuse them.

3. In order to prevent autolysis or corruption of tissues, specimens should be fixed in time after the samples are taken. 10% formaldehyde (formalin) is used as the fixing solution, and the amount of the fixing solution should be more than 5 times the volume of the specimen to be tested.

Biopsy Needle Specifications

Breast biopsy: 13G, 14G; kidney biopsy, liver biopsy: 16G; prostate liver biopsy, lung biopsy: 18G; thyroid cell biopsy: 20G. (G is the Birmingham BWG wire specification. The "G" is larger and thinner, and 20G is 0.90mm).

Biopsy Needle Biopsy Needle Cleaning Procedure

Preparation

1) Multi-enzyme lotion, syringe, high pressure normal water, air gun, needle plug sander or cotton swab.

2) Protective equipment: waterproof apron, protective clothing, eye mask.

Rinse

Method 1: Rinse, soak enzymes, rinse

1) Separate the puncture needle core and the drainage tube.

2) Rinse the blood in the needle cavity with high-pressure normal water, and soak in the enzyme solution for 10-20min.

3) Fill the needle cavity with a syringe with enzyme solution, soak it for 10-20 minutes, and then rinse the enzyme solution with high pressure normal water.

4) Rinse the enzyme solution with normal water after soaking, rinse the blood stains, and fill the needle cavity with enzyme solution.

Method two: ultrasonic cleaning

1) Put the puncture needle with the core removed into the instrument basket.

2) Put the instrument basket in the ultrasonic cleaning machine and wash it for 3-5min.

The puncture needle is placed 2 cm below the liquid level of the ultrasound machine, and the water temperature is 40-45 ° C; the ultrasound time is 3-5 min.

Method three: disinfection, washing

1) Boiling sterilization for 10min: After boiling and sterilizing, it is timed for 10min, and pay attention to the lumen filled with boiling water.

2) 500mg / l chlorine disinfectant for 20-30min.

The needle plug is filled with disinfectant solution during immersion, and the disinfectant solution is changed regularly to prevent the needle from rusting due to long soaking time. After disinfection, rinse the disinfectant inside and outside the needle with normal water.

Evaluation of rinsing quality: No puncture needle cleaning agent and disinfectant remain.

3. Sanding and needle tip inspection

1) Sanding

Sand the needle plug, check the needle tip, and grind the needle tip with a grindstone if necessary; wrap a little cotton on the grinding head, put the needle plug on, and start the sander; sand the dried blood rust and rust, or use a cotton swab for rewashing.

2) Needle tip inspection

Put the tip of the needle on the gauze, or check it with a magnifying glass. If necessary, use a grindstone to grind the tip of the needle. There is no trace, no rust on the needle plug, the metal is bright, and the needle tip has no hook. Needles that do not meet the requirements must be discarded.

4. Rinse and fine wash

1) Rinse repeatedly with running water and high pressure normal water

Rinse the puncture needle and needle core repeatedly with running water, and rinse the needle cavity with a high-pressure water gun. Rinse the needle cavity for 30s each time; there is no disinfectant remaining on the puncture needle after flushing. Water from the needle cavity is straight.

2) Finally rinse the inside and outside of the needle cavity with distilled or purified water

Rinse the puncture needle and instrument in flowing distilled water or purified water repeatedly, and then rinse the needle cavity with pressured distilled water or purified water for 30s. After finishing the fine washing, install the puncture needle components; The core has no hard water residue, and the water flow is straight when washing, the needle plug is free of dirt and rust, and the metal is bright.

5. Dry and transfer into packing area

1) Dry

The puncture needle is placed in a drying box, and dried at 70-90 ° C for 20-30 minutes. After the drying is completed, the puncture needle is introduced into the packaging area.

2) Packaging

Put the puncture needle in a metal box with a lid and put it in a drying box; check the puncture needle for no hook, no dirt, no rusty metal by visual inspection or with a magnifying glass, the needle plug is matched with the needle core, the drainage tube is clean, no water drops, no leakage No sticking.