What Are Eye Tumors?

Eye tumors include tumors of the eyelid, conjunctiva, various layers of the eyeball, and eye attachments. Benign or malignant tumors can damage ocular tissues and their functions. Malignant tumors can damage eyeballs and visual functions, and can spread to the orbit, intracranial, or metastatic. Malignant tumors of organs and tissues in some parts of the body can also metastasize to the eye, but if they grow into the skull through the optic nerve hole or supraorbital fissure, they can also threaten the patient's life and cause serious consequences.

Eye tumor

Eye tumor overview

Eye tumors include tumors of the eyelid, conjunctiva, various layers of the eyeball (cornea, sclera, uvea, and retina) and eye attachments (lacrimal apparatus, orbital, and periorbital structures). Both benign and malignant tumors can damage eye tissues and their functions. If malignant tumors such as conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid, squamous cell carcinoma, meibomian gland carcinoma, etc., can damage the eyeball and visual function , And can be spread to the orbit, intracranial spread or whole body. Malignant tumors of organs and tissues in some parts of the body can also metastasize to the eye, but if they grow into the skull through the optic nerve hole or supraorbital fissure, they can also threaten the patient's life and cause serious consequences.

Eye tumor incidence

The incidence of eye tumors is characterized by age. Children often develop retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, capillary hemangioma, neuroblastoma, kidney embryo tumors, etc .; adults often have orbital cavernous hemangioma, lacrimal gland tumors, and inflammatory pseudotumors. And choroidal melanoma. Orbital tumors and orbital diseases are also unilateral and bilateral. For example, orbital lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumor, green tumor, and thyroid-related eye disease often occur in bilateral orbital. The clinical manifestations of orbital tumors have similarities, which can also damage the eyeball, visual function, and appearance due to the development of lesions. In addition, the occurrence of eye tumors also varies by race and region. For example, uveal melanoma occurs mostly in whites, and ocular metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prosperous in Guangdong, China. Guangxi and other southern regions or those who have emigrated from or outside the province.

Eye tumor classification diagnosis

Eye tumors, especially eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, and intraocular tumors, are located on the body surface and often affect vision. They are easy to find by patients and family members. Orbital tumors often cause changes in visual function, abnormalities of eye protrusions and eyeballs, and often prompt patients to specialists. See a doctor.

Eye tumor eyelid tumor

Eyelid tumors are classified into benign and malignant tumors. Most benign tumors originate from the skin, including various structures of the eyelid skin. More history of progressive eyelid mass, no pain.

Benign tumors include:

1. Papilloma: Papillary or round neoplasms on the edge of the eyelid or on the skin and mucosal surface, which may be malignant.

2. Capillary hemangiomas: dark red or bright red plaque-like bulges, which will not fade, and those with deeper skin will be dark purple or light blue.

3. Xanthomas: The pale yellow bulging spots on the inside of the double upper eyelid or the lower eyelid are symmetrical and painless.

4 Dermatoid cysts: upper eyelid, orbital bone surface or deep orbital, round and oval-shaped masses, elastic, smooth surface, clear edges.

Malignant tumors include:

1. Basal cell carcinoma: the early typical ones are translucent pearl-like nodule-like bulges, with small fossa in the center, flesh-red, and some with pigments similar to moles. Late cases can damage the eyelid, back of the nose, face, orbit and eyeball and lose vision.

2. Squamous cell carcinoma: it starts to be nodular, and pain may occur as the tumor develops, especially when the tumor invades the superior or inferior orbital nerve.

3. Meibomian adenocarcinoma: the skin on the surface is mostly unchanged and there are no conscious symptoms. Only a small induration was felt on the skin. The corresponding conjunctival surface appears rough. Yellow and white spots are visible. Don't break early. Further development may have papilloma-like objects prolapse from the meibomian gland opening.

Intraocular tumor

Including tumors before and after the eyeball. Regardless of benign and malignant, restricted impairment of visual function. Often involve the retina, uvea, vitreous, and lens. Can be secondary to glaucoma, suffering from red eyes and headaches. If it is a malignant tumor, it not only destroys the eyeball, but also develops into the orbit, and even invades the brain and metastasizes to the whole body and is fatal.

The main basis of diagnosis:

1. The family has a similar medical or tumor history.

2. Infants and young children develop white pupils or "cat's eyes" (golden white light in the pupil area at night), strabismus of unknown cause, or dilated pupils on one side.

3 Ultrasound shows the sound image of a solid mass in the eye.

4 X-rays have calcified lesions.

5. CT or MRI showed a solid mass in the eye, a calcified lesion, or an invasion of the orbit and the skull.

6. Aqueous humor may find cancer cells, and the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase in aqueous humor and serum is increased.

Orbital tumor

Based on medical history and symptoms, eye examination, whole body examination, imaging examination, laboratory examination.

The symptoms and signs include:

1. Abnormal position of the eyeball: including eyeball protrusion, deflection, prolapse, and depression. Exophthalmos are the most common clinical signs and symptoms.

2. Periorbital mass.

3. Diplopia and eye movement disorders.

4. Visual impairment.

5. Fundus changes.

6. Eyelid and conjunctival changes.

7. pain,

8. Increased orbital pressure.

9. Visual function check is abnormal. Imaging examinations include: CT or magnetic resonance, and orbital ultrasound or color Doppler.

Symptoms symptoms signs

1. Occurs in children under 10 years old, more men than women.

2. Urgent onset, rapid development, and rapid development are the most prominent clinical manifestations

Now. Eyes protrude downwards and can reach a considerable degree within a few days.

3. The inner orbital can often touch a solid texture mass.

4. Can appear early.

5. May be associated with conjunctiva, decreased vision and pain of unclear location. If the tumor invades the skull, it can cause symptoms of intracranial hypertension.

6. The fundus may show signs of papilledema and retinal compression.

7. Image examination showed a solid mass in the orbit with clear boundaries and homogeneity.

8. The lesion spreads quickly to the cranial cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses or oral cavity, and the patient's whole body, anorexia and irritability. ^[1]

Eye tumor treatment principles

Eye tumor eyelid tumor

The treatment method depends on the size, location, malignancy of the lesion, and the age of the patient. Treatment can use surgical resection, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, laser surgery and other methods. Generally benign tumors, if the lesion is not large, follow-up observation, if the tumor is too large to affect vision or appearance, you can use laser or surgical resection. The general treatment principle is to remove the lesion, while paying attention to protecting the normal physiological function and normal anatomical position of the eyelid, and taking into account the appearance and appearance. For malignant tumors, resection surgery or radiation therapy must be used with the eyelid after the tumor has been removed. The principle of treatment is to completely remove the lesion first, and an appropriate method can be selected according to the size, location and invasion of the tumor. The second is to protect eyelid function. In the case of metastatic tumors, chemotherapy is required. A more special treatment is "eyelid microangioma", which can be injected directly into the lesion using "corticosteroids".

Eye tumor

Including tumors on the surface of the eye and tumors inside the ball, the principles of treatment have their own characteristics. As clinical treatments become more advanced, the understanding of some tumor treatment methods has also changed, such as local resection of intracranial malignancies combined with other comprehensive therapies, and local applicator radiation therapy. These treatment methods are not only effective The treatment of tumors has relatively preserved a certain visual function, avoiding vision loss caused by simple eyeball removal.

Orbital tumor

The treatment of benign lesions should always consider how to reduce the occurrence of complications, especially the more serious complications. This is an important difference from malignant tumors. And according to the different locations of the lesion (such as anterior orbit, intramuscular cone, orbital apex), and the nature of the lesion (such as benign and malignant, vascular), choose an appropriate treatment plan. Malignant tumors should be treated as soon as possible after a clear diagnosis. Orbitocentesis biopsy is performed when necessary. In principle, the treatment of orbital malignant lesions includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and comprehensive treatment.