What Are Normal Testosterone Levels for Women?

Testosterone (also known as testosterone, testosterone or testosterone) is a steroid hormone secreted by male testes or female ovaries, and the adrenal glands also secrete a small amount of testosterone. It has the ability to maintain muscle strength and quality, maintain bone density and strength, and refresh And improve physical performance.

Molecular structure data

1. Molar refractive index: 83.11

2. Molar volume (m3 / mol): 256.9

3. Isometric ratio (90.2K): 663.6

4. Surface tension (dyne / cm): 44.4 ^[2]

Testosterone, also known as testosterone, has been used for a long time as an androgen for long-term alternative treatment of testicular or testosterone-free disease, as well as for men caused by testicular endocrine disorders. ^[6]

To use testosterone, the following medication instructions should be emphasized: 1. The patient's intake and weight should be monitored daily during the start of treatment. 2. Diuretics can be combined to control water and sodium retention. 3. During treatment, the amount of serum calcium and cholesterol should be measured regularly. 4. Patients with breast cancer need 3 months to get the effect. 5. Women who receive large doses for the treatment of breast cancer often have virilization, and these patients require great mental support. If the treatment is not effective for 3 months, the medication should be stopped.

Adult: Male 14 25.4nmol / L Female 1.3 2.8nmol / L

Child: Male <8.8nmol / L Female <0.7nmol / L

Gestation: 2.7 5.3nmol / L

Testosterone for humans and others

Androgens promote the synthesis of proteins and the growth of tissues with androgen receptors. The effects of testosterone can be divided into anabolic and androgenic effects. Anabolic effects include growth, increase in muscle mass and strength

The synthetic route of androstenedione to testosterone is usually by the following two methods: Route 1: Selective etherification at the 3-position, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride, and then hydrolysis with acid; Route 2: First Reduction with sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride to generate a mixture of testosterone and dihydric alcohol, and then selective oxidation with activity: MnO2 to generate testosterone. ^[9]

Supplementary method

If testosterone is low, you can eat the following foods:

(1) Animal internal organs. Contains more cholesterol, which is an important formula for synthetic hormones. In addition, it also contains adrenaline and sex hormones, which can promote the division and maturation of spermatogonia. Therefore, proper consumption of viscera such as the heart, liver, kidney, and intestines of animals is conducive to increasing the level of androgens in the body, increasing the amount of semen secreted, and improving sexual function.

(2) Zinc-containing food. Zinc is an indispensable trace element in the human body, and it plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of the male reproductive system. Zinc deficiency can reduce the number of sperm, affect sexual desire, and reduce sexual function. The results of the study indicate that zinc deficiency is related to what Chinese medicine says: "kidney deficiency". Foods with the highest zinc content include oyster meat. Others such as beef, milk, chicken, chicken liver, egg yolk, shellfish, peanuts, cereals, beans, potatoes, vegetables, and brown sugar all contain a certain amount of zinc.

(3) Foods containing arginine. Arginine is an essential component of sperm formation. Eating arginine-rich foods often helps to nourish kidney and refine essence. Such foods have sticky characteristics such as catfish, catfish, loach, sea cucumber, cuttlefish, octopus, silkworm pupae, chicken, frozen tofu, laver, peas, etc.

(4) Calcium-containing food. Calcium ions can stimulate sperm maturation. Foods rich in calcium include shrimp skins, salted eggs, egg yolks, dairy products, soybeans, kelp, sesame sauce and so on.

(5) Foods rich in vitamins. Vitamin A, Vitamin E and Vitamin C all help to delay aging and avoid sexual decline. They are mostly found in fresh vegetables and fruits.