What Are the Causes of Anoxia at Birth?

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy refers to hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain caused by asphyxia in the perinatal period (from 28 weeks of pregnancy to one week after delivery). The main treatment methods are stimulation, visual stimulation, skin sensory stimulation, auditory stimulation, vestibular motor stimulation, crawling training, etc.

Neonatal hypoxia

Newborn

1. Very "sensitive" or "excited", normal newborns (especially low birth weight infants) will be prone to "excitation" and "sensitivity" when hungry, but cerebral palsy newborns are prone to appear even when they are not hungry .

2. Excessive irritation, persistent crying, difficulty falling asleep, weakness in the whole body, weak or tight limbs, some parents even reported "this child cries all night. About 30% of children with cerebral palsy have similar severity within 3 months after birth The performance of "intestinal colic" suddenly violently cried.

3. Frequent spitting, often with half-open mouth, tongue keeps moving, little or many movements, stereotyped movements. The symptoms of this kind of pediatric cerebral palsy are often the early symptoms of hand-foot-supplemental cerebral palsy.

4. Difficult nursing, manifested in the difficulty of inserting his arm into the sleeve when dressing, the abduction of the thigh when changing the diaper, and the fist being difficult to open when taking a bath. Parents often report "kids don't like bathing" when their feet just touch the edge of the tub or the water. The back was immediately stiff and arched. This is also one of the characteristics of neonatal ischemic hypoxic cerebral palsy.

5, very sensitive to sudden changes in sound or body position, seems frightening.

6, feeding difficulties, sucking and swallowing uncoordinated, sometimes parents report that "feeding while flowing from the mouth while eating". Difficulty gaining weight.

7, motor development is not flexible, 4-5 months will not turn over, 9-10 will not climb, muscle tension is not normal and posture is not normal, muscle tension is not high, sitting and climbing postures are different from normal children.

8. The reflection is abnormal. If you put something in the palm of your hand, the child will grasp the reaction and have the allowable washing reaction. All congenital reflections will disappear until 6 months ago. If it has not disappeared, it is not normal.

1. Umbilical cord blood flow blockage: For example, umbilical cord prolapse, compression, knotting, or umbilical cord around the neck are the causes of ischemic cerebral palsy.

2. The neonatal factor is the cause of ischemic cerebral palsy: neonatal suffocation, abnormalities in cardiopulmonary function, such as congenital heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, circulatory failure throughout the body, and increased red blood cells, etc., cause ischemic cerebral palsy.

3. Shock, coma, drug use, excessive tobacco and alcohol, drug poisoning, etc.

4. Causes of placental ischemic cerebral palsy: such as placental abruption, placenta previa, placental infarction, or placental dysfunction, etc., lead to ischemic cerebral palsy.

5. Nuclear jaundice: It is an important cause of cerebral palsy. With the progress of perinatal medicine, the decline in the proportion of cerebral palsy caused by nuclear jaundice is also the cause of ischemic cerebral palsy.

6. The cause of ischemic cerebral palsy is also abnormal in the delivery process: such as delayed labor, upside down, surgical use of forceps, suction or application of anesthesia; or the long labor process leads to ischemic cerebral palsy.

7, maternal factors, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, heart failure, major bleeding, anemia, shock, coma, drug abuse, excessive alcohol and tobacco, drug poisoning, etc. cause ischemic cerebral palsy. ^[1]

Neonatal hypoxic visual stimulation

If visual evoked potentials show obvious visual path damage or fundus atrophy of the optic nerve, an appropriate amount of pupils should be stimulated to stimulate light reflection as early as possible, such as using a flashlight to illuminate the pupils to shrink them, flashing a checkerboard, and gratings.

Neonatal hypoxic skin sensation

The skin can produce four basic sensations: touch (pressure), temperature, cold, and pain. Dermal neural networks are formed by sensory nerve endings that are widely distributed on the skin. In more than 80% of children with brain injury, skin sensory disorders exist. He not only affects the children's motor ability, but also affects their intelligence level. Therefore, a large number of different sensory stimuli must be given, such as hot and cold water stimuli, soft and hard brush stimuli, etc., so as to improve the child's feeling to normal. ^[2]

Neonatal hypoxic auditory stimulation

The development of the auditory system is a continuous process, that is, hearing sound, understanding sound, and understanding language. Different auditory stimuli should be given early if the auditory evoked potential is confirmed to be damaged, which can not only enhance hearing, but also improve the ability to understand speech and language.

Stimulation methods can use different sounds and languages, giving stimulation for several hours a day until a response to sound and active speech.

Neonatal hypoxic vestibular exercise stimulation

In recent years, research has found that the syndrome characterized by learning disabilities with upside-down reading, writing, and spelling is not mainly in the cerebral cortex, but mainly in the cerebellum and vestibular system. Therefore, methods such as shaking in infancy, low head rotation, and rolling can be used. Improve the functionality of this system. ^[3]

Hypoxic crawling training for newborns

Climbing is the foundation of walking, and it is also an important stage in the development of human movement. It is also conducive to the improvement of balance ability, the increase of language vocabulary, and the correction of strabismus. Crawling is divided into creeping crawling, obstacle climbing, and knee climbing. During training, a certain amount of passive movements of the limbs and head and neck in the trunk mode bed and the friction of the palms, feet, and inner sides of the calf are used to input information to the brain to promote correct movement. The emergence of dysfunction, correcting wrong movement posture and improving perception, are the main treatments for motor retardation and movement disorders.