What Are the Causes of Cysts?

A cyst is a benign disease that can grow on the surface of the human body or in the internal organs; a cyst is a benign mass that grows in a certain organ in the body, and its contents are liquid. In general, the common cysts are "kidney cyst", "liver cyst", "simple ovarian cyst" and "chocolate cyst". Renal cysts are divided into simple solitary renal cysts and polycystic kidneys.

Cyst

A cyst is a benign disease that can grow on the surface of the human body or in the internal organs; a cyst is a benign mass that grows in a certain organ in the body, and its contents are liquid. In general, the common cysts are "kidney cyst", "liver cyst", "simple ovarian cyst" and "chocolate cyst". Renal cysts are divided into simple solitary renal cysts and polycystic kidneys.

Causes of cysts

Congenital heredity

1. Hairy root sheath cysts: The past 114 degrees of lipid gland cysts are autosomal dominant.

2. Multiple lipocystoma: dominant autosomal inheritance.

3 Dermatoid cysts: after congenital birth.

4 Bronchogenic and thyroid hyoid duct cysts are caused by congenital dysplasia.

5. Penis midline cysts are caused by congenital abnormalities.

6. The cause of eruptive charcoal hair follicles is unknown. Some reports suggest that it is autosomal dominant.

Two reasons unknown

1. New fluid-like cyst.

Cyst

2. Milia: The primary cause is unknown and the secondary cause is more common after epidermal keloid dissociation, congenital ectodermal defect, and delayed cutaneous chlorophyllin after skin grinding.

3 Epidermal cyst: unknown cause.

Differential diagnosis of cyst

Cyst Introduction

Cysts are mostly round in shape and the skin surface is semi-circular. Generally located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Because the capsule wall is wrapped, the edges are smooth and neat, and there is less adhesion to surrounding tissues, so it is smooth and elastic, and the capsule skin is mostly non-inflammatory, and it has a normal skin color. Generally limited development will not cause indefinite expansion and cause local compression symptoms.

First, located in the dermis

New fluid-like cyst

It usually occurs in 40-50 year-old women with skin lesions that are more common on the dorsal side of the distal knuckles. About 3-15cm in size, it is translucent and smooth: soft, skin-colored cyst cavity fluid, in which there are stellate fibroblasts.

Cyst miliaria

More common in women of primary age at any age is unknown; secondary cases mostly occur in large scar epidermolysis, congenital ectodermal defects, and delayed skin Carin's disease after skin abrasion. Primary skin lesions are more common in the eyelids and palate; secondary ones are more common in the back of the ears and forearms. The size is millet, big and hard, and the white sebum-like substance can be seen through.

Cyst hair root sheath cyst

In the past, sebaceous gland cysts were more common in middle-aged women. They were more common in the head, and it was not easy to distinguish them from epidermal cysts. The latter were common on the face and neck. The cyst wall of this disease is composed of squamous epithelium, which is similar to that of hair follicle isthmus. The contents of the cavity are eosinophilic.

Cystic multiple lipocystoma

Can occur at all ages and is visible to both men and women. Skin lesions are common in the middle and lower part of the front chest and the scrotum can be single or multiple, showing normal skin color or yellow, several millimeters to 1-2 cm in diameter and soft, and the smaller ones are slightly hard. The cavity contents are oily or cheese-like.

Epidermal cyst

It is more common to occur in young people, children, and old people. It is rare to have a diameter of 0.5-5cm, normal skin color, round and elastic, and slightly hard. The sac wall is filled with keratin in the normal skin sac cavity. Can be single or multiple, often occur in the scalp face, neck and trunk.

Cystic bronchogenic and thyroid hyoid duct cyst

For congenital abnormalities are more common in the front of the neck or feet above the sternal notch. Occurs shortly after birth, with multiple single-shot lesions being minor, often accompanied by thin tubes. The two are similar in that the cyst wall is composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and the epithelial cells ciliated into the human cystic cavity.

Cyst penis midline cyst

For congenital abnormalities are more common in young people and children. The skin lesions are located on the ventral side of the penis, especially the midline diameter of the glans, which is about several millimeters. The sac wall is pseudostratified epithelium, and some epithelial cell plasma is transparent.

Cyst eruptive hair follicle cyst

More common in children and young people are small hair follicle cysts, the size of 1-2mm. There may be epidermis and umbilical fossa on the surface, which are common in the chest, but also in the limbs. The back capsule wall is squamous epithelium. The follicle wall is depressed to form a hair follicle-like structure.

Second, located in the subcutaneous tissue

Dermatoid cysts: multiple singles after birth. Skin lesions are often located around the eyes, mid-facial abdomen, and can occur anywhere on the body surface. The cyst wall not exceeding 2 cm in diameter is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, but is different from epidermal cysts. The capsule cavity contains various epidermal appendages such as hair, and the hair follicles containing hair protrude into the human cavity.

Chocolate cysts are also called "ovarian endometriosis", that is to say, this is the endometrium "runs" into the ovarian tissue, and periodic bleeding occurs synchronously with the uterus. These stale blood has accumulated into chocolate-like shape The color is called chocolate cyst.

Cyst treatment

At present, there are three main treatment methods for cysts:

One is the traditional method of cutting cysts, which is to treat the cysts with window drainage or exfoliation. With this method, the incision is long, bleeding is heavy, the wound is heavy, the cost is high, and it is easy to relapse.

Second, it is a laparoscopic incision cyst. Although it is just a hole and the trauma is much smaller than the operation, it still needs to be hospitalized, and the cost is not small. This is a last resort.

Third, this method uses needles instead of myths, not magic. This technique has a wide range of applications, such as the application of ultrasound interventional technology in the field of genetics, and can be used to take intrauterine fetal umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, and embryo villus specimens under direct B-ultrasound. It is known that the caliber of the fetal umbilical cord is very small and only 6-8mm. It can be punctured under ultrasound guidance. For cysts of a few centimeters and a dozen centimeters in size, the success rate of puncture can reach 100%. Since the introduction of this technique, many patients with polycystic liver, polycystic kidney disease and other recurrent hereditary cyst diseases have avoided the pain of laparotomy.

Traditional laparotomy for cystectomy or fenestration drainage and cyst stripping treatment, the most worrying is the high recurrence rate. For example, polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease, the root cause of which is at the genetic location, and the problem cannot be solved by surgery. So the recurrence rate is as high as 60%.

Because the common feature of cyst wall cells is to arrange a layer of columnar cells. These columnar cells grow vigorously and have strong secretory functions, making it difficult to clean them up. As long as a little cell is left, it will germinate like a seed and the cyst will recur.

The new technique of ultrasonic interventional therapy is to make up for the shortcomings of traditional cystectomy. Experienced doctors can accurately target cysts under the guidance of B-mode images. Use a fine needle to pierce the cyst, suck out the fluid in the cyst, inject the sclerosing drug into the cyst wall, and destroy the strong secreted columnar cells, so as to prevent the cyst from recurring.

Cyst common sense

Renal cyst is a kind of water tumor of the kidney. When the cyst gradually enlarges, normal kidney tissue is being eroded. At this time, the patient will have back pain and the pain will radiate to the bladder. Severe pain accompanied by symptoms include: chest tightness, nausea, sweating, dizziness, hematuria, etc.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the disease accumulates due to qi stagnation and blood stasis, wet turbidity, and internal stasis of evil stasis. Qi and blood discord, or emotional disorders due to chronic disease, liver qi stagnation, prolonged qi and blood stasis, coupled with hot and humid stagnation, bladder gasification loss of disease and illness.

Major symptoms of cysts

1. Proteinuria: The general amount is not much, and it will not exceed 2g in 24 hours. Most do not occur nephrotic syndrome.

2. Hypertension: Solid cysts compress the kidneys, cause renal ischemia, increase renin secretion, and cause hypertension. When kidney function is normal, more than 50% of patients have developed hypertension, and when renal function declines, the incidence of hypertension is higher.

3 Renal hypofunction: Due to the cyst occupying and compression, the normal kidney tissue is significantly reduced, and the renal function is progressively decreased.

4 In the case of excessive intercourse and kidney deficiency and decreased renal function, individual cysts may become red and inflamed, and severe cysts may be itchy and inflamed. Should pay attention to rest, fitness and rehabilitation, intercourse should not be too frequent.

Cyst complications

Spontaneous infections are rare in simple renal cysts, and once they occur, it is difficult to distinguish them from renal crests. Sometimes the cyst can bleed, and when it suddenly occurs, it can cause severe pain. The bleeding can come from the cancer on the cyst wall. When the cyst is located in the lower pole of the kidney and close to the ureter, it can aggravate hydronephrosis, and the pressure of the urine on the renal pelvis can cause back pain. This obstruction can also cause kidney infections.

Cystic Perianal Cyst Introduction

Acute purulent infection occurs in the anal canal and rectal soft tissue or in the surrounding space, and an abscess is formed, which is called anal canal and rectal abscess. It is characterized by spontaneous ulceration or anal fistula often formed after surgical incision and drainage. It is a common anorectal disease, and it is also the acute phase of the anal canal and rectal inflammation pathological process. Anal fistula is the chronic phase.

Cyst Uterine Cyst Introduction

Uterine cyst is a rare disease and is easily ignored clinically. It can be divided into congenital and acquired uterine cysts. The former originates from the mesenteric duct and the accessory medullary duct and mostly occur in the posterior wall of the uterus or the bottom of the uterus. Cells developed, including cystic uterine fibroids, cystic adenomyomas, cervical retention cysts, and uterine serous cysts.

It is not difficult to treat cervical gland cysts. Generally, it is necessary to first check which bacterial infection caused cervical inflammation, and after the check is clear, the corresponding treatment is caused for the infection. For cysts that should not be resolved, you can puncture them first, and then burn them with laser or freezing. Treatment generally does not affect fertility, but if a scar forms on the cervix, it can affect natural delivery.

Cyst Ovary Cyst Introduction

An ovarian cyst is a mass that forms inside or on the surface of the ovary. The substance in the mass is usually liquid, sometimes it may be solid, or a mixture of liquid and solid. Ovarian cysts are usually small, as large as peas or cashews, and some cysts grow like softballs or even larger.

Ovarian cysts are a very common phenomenon. Most cysts are caused by changes in the normal function of the ovaries, so most ovarian cysts are benign. But if the nature of the cyst becomes malignant, it becomes ovarian cancer. Treatment is based on your age, symptoms, fibroid size, cyst size, fertility status, and general health. Generally take the following different treatment measures. For fibroids less than 8 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus of women with no obvious symptoms or near menopause is smaller than 12 weeks of pregnancy, normal, and no symptoms can be temporarily observed. Persist in reviewing every 3 months. Generally, fibroids can gradually shrink after menopause. Surgery should be considered when fibroids are enlarged or symptoms are noticed during follow-up. After long-term conservative treatment is ineffective, or the symptoms are obvious, fibroids are large, those with anemia and rapid growth should be considered for treatment.

The reason for the formation of cervical cysts is that it is similar to the "acne" on the face. During the healing process of cervical erosion, the new squamous epithelium covers the cervical gland duct or extends into the gland duct, blocking the gland duct; gland Hyperplasia or scarring of the connective tissue around the tube compresses the glandular duct, narrows or even obstructs the glandular duct, the drainage of glandular secretions is blocked, and the cyst formed by retention is called cervical cyst.

In chronic cervicitis, the cervical glands and surrounding tissues proliferate. When the glandular duct is squeezed by the surrounding tissue, the glandular mouth is blocked, so that the secretions in the gland cannot flow out and stay inside, which causes the glandular cavity to expand and form cystic tumors of various sizes. It is called "cervical gland retention Cyst ", also known as Naboth cyst. The mucus it contains is often clear and transparent, but may be cloudy and purulent due to co-infection. Cysts are generally small and scattered and can protrude from the surface of the cervix. The small ones are only the size of the millet, the large ones can be as large as the corn kernels, and they are blue and white, and may be accompanied by erosion, but they are also common in the smooth surface of the cervix. Due to the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, repeated congestion, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue hyperplasia occur in the cervical tissue, resulting in hypertrophy of the cervix. In severe cases, the cervix can be more than doubled in size. And severe inflammation can cause abnormal menstruation or even infertility.

Note for patients with cystic liver cysts

1. Most liver cysts are congenital, some are single or multiple, and some are combined with kidney cysts. Generally speaking, liver cysts have little effect on human health, and patients do not need to be nervous.

2. Multiple small cysts are sometimes found more during B-ultrasound or CT examinations, and sometimes less. It is because of the limitations of the inspection equipment or the degree of care of the examiner. It is not surprising that one less is not good. And one more doesn't mean bad.

3 If the liver cyst is too large, if the liver itself or the surrounding organs are oppressive or inflammatory, you can use a needle to suck out the fluid, but it may grow again in the future. You can also open the cyst to reduce the pressure by surgery. Hepatic cysts that are inflamed can be left untreated and cannot be treated with drugs-because no treatment is needed.

4 B-ultrasound or CT is very reliable in diagnosing hepatic cysts, and it is generally not necessary to do more tests.

5. Can work, can exercise, there is nothing to pay special attention to in life.

6. Liver cysts do not become cancerous, so you can rest assured.

7. Liver cysts cannot drink alcohol and smoke less, because smoking has an impact on the lungs, so patients must not drink alcohol and smoke less.

How big is a common cyst?

Patients with liver cysts are sometimes combined with other internal organ cysts, such as renal cysts, pulmonary cysts, and occasionally pancreatic cysts and splenic cysts. Polycystic liver cysts can fill the liver. Cysts can be single, as small as 0.2 cm; they can be as many as a dozen, dozens, or even one as large as a few tens of centimeters.

Hepatic cysts grow slowly, so they may be asymptomatic for a long time or for life. Their clinical manifestations also vary with the location, size, number of cysts, and the presence or absence of compression on adjacent organs and complications. Liver cysts are generally asymptomatic. When the cyst grows to a certain degree, it may compress the gastrointestinal tract and cause symptoms, such as epigastric discomfort and fullness; common complications of liver cysts are rupture and bleeding, bacterial infection, fistula and penetration, and rare canceration.

With the development and popularization of imaging diagnostics, in particular, B-ultrasound has been listed as one of the routine tests of human populations, and the detection rate of liver cysts by B-ultrasound can reach 98%, so many of this disease have been found. However, in a comprehensive understanding of the size, number, location of the cysts, and related organs around the liver, especially for patients with huge liver cysts requiring surgery, the CT guidance is obviously better than B-ultrasound.

Sometimes in order to make a differential diagnosis, certain blood tests are still necessary, especially blood alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) tests to rule out primary liver cancer.

Is the liver cyst serious?

Liver cysts are a benign, congenital disease. To say it is benign means that it is not a tumor, it is not cancer, and it does not become cancerous. It is a "small water balloon" in the liver. The spherical wall is epithelial cells, and the ball is water. Get bigger. To say that it is congenital does not mean that it begins to grow cysts after birth, and most of them begin to grow up in adulthood or old age.

The number of liver cysts can be as many as one, as many as tens of thousands (polycystic liver). The size of the cyst can be large or small, some are small, only a few millimeters; some are soybean-sized, grape-sized, and egg-sized; some can be as large as more than 20 cm.

Most cysts have little effect on the human body because of their small size, and have no effect on the liver. But when the cyst grows bigger and bigger and longer, more symptoms will appear. Compression symptoms may occur when the cyst is more than 10 cm, such as oppression of the stomach and intestinal fullness; oppression of the diaphragm affects breathing; cysts in the hepatic hiatus may cause jaundice in the bile ducts; polycystic liver pressure forces normal liver tissue With less and less, liver function is affected.

Symptoms of cyst cervical cyst

Cervical cysts are a type of chronic cervicitis and generally have no obvious symptoms. The main symptom of chronic cervicitis is increased vaginal discharge. Due to the different pathogenic bacteria, the color and amount of vaginal discharge also vary. Leucorrhea can be sticky or purulent, sometimes with bloodshot or small amounts of blood, or contact bleeding. Lower abdomen or lumbosacral pain often occurs, pelvic cavity can cause falling pain or dysmenorrhea, often worsened during menstruation, defecation or intercourse, in addition, irregular menstruation and infertility can occur.

Clinical manifestations of cervical cysts: During the examination, you can see a number of blue-white vesicles (not purple) of different sizes protruding from the surface of the cervix, which contain mucus. The small ones have large rice kernels, the large ones have large corn kernels, and some can grow. Very large, protruding from the surface of the cervix, even reaching the vaginal opening, there is a pedicle between the root and the cervix, often with cervical hypertrophy.

Diagnosis and treatment of cyst perianal cyst

Subanal abscesses around the anus are the most common, mostly caused by anal gland infection spreading outward or directly outward through the lower part of the external sphincter skin.

I. Diagnosis

Symptoms

(1) Most of them have sudden onset.

(2) Swelling and pain around the anus and rectum.

(3) May be accompanied by systemic infectious symptoms such as chills, fever, headache, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

(4) May be accompanied by difficulty urinating.

2. Signs

(1) The perianal swelling and redness were seen on inspection.

(2) Refer to the local burning of the anorectum, tenderness or tenderness, fluctuating sensation or indurational mass, or full mucosa in the rectum, and the anus temperature is higher than normal.

(3) Anoroscopy was performed to observe the internal mouth, pus and blood and other lesions in the rectum.

3. Differential diagnosis

(1) Perianal folliculitis and bloating

Occurs under the skin around the anus, because there is no pathological connection with the anal crypt because of the disease, anal fistula will not form after ulceration.

(2) paraanal sebaceous gland cyst

Para-anal mass, but no skin swelling and tenderness, smooth and round surface, clear edges, no systemic symptoms. Redness, swelling and pain can also occur after cyst infection, but anal fistula does not form after ulceration.

Treatment

General principles of treatment

When pus is not formed, anti-infection treatment is mainly used, supplemented with Chinese medicine for external use. Once the abscess is formed, it should be cut open and drained in time to prevent the infection from spreading to the deep and surrounding tissues.

Prevention of cysts perianal cyst

(1) Be careful not to eat or eat less spicy and irritating foods, such as pepper, wine, greasy products and so on. Summer diet should pay attention to easy digestion and nutrient-rich, eat more vegetables, do not eat spoiled food to prevent intestinal infectious diseases.

(2) Pay attention to rest, prevent excessive fatigue, and strengthen the body's resistance. Eating more watermelons in summer can not only reduce heat, but also replenish body fluids to prevent constipation, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing perianal abscess.

(3) Pay attention to the hygiene of the anus, change the underwear frequently, and clean the anus afterwards.

(4) Actively treat diseases related to perianal abscess, such as diabetes, tuberculosis, and anal sinusitis. When there is discomfort in the anal area, go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible and take medication under the guidance of a doctor.

What are the symptoms of a cyst?

1. Sacral cysts Bone cysts are tumorous lesions of the bone, also known as solitary bone cysts and simplebone cysts. The capsule wall is a layer of fibrous capsule, and the capsule is yellow or brown liquid.

2. Ureteral cyst: A cystic dilatation at the end of the ureter. The diaphragm between the ureter and genitourinary sinus is not absorbed and subsides during the embryonic development period, resulting in different degrees of narrowing of the ureteral orifice. It can also be caused by weak fiber structure at the end of the ureter, excessive length of the wall section, and excessive curvature. After forming a cystic dilatation into the bladder.

3 Mediastinal cysts The cyst of mediastinum is a type of mediastinal masses. There are those who belong to mediastinal tumors, but many people claim to describe them separately from mediastinal tumors.

Cystic Diet Recommendations

^{[1] The} first point is that patients with liver cysts should eat more foods with high quality protein . But pay attention to high fiber, high dimensional vegetarian supplements and low fat food supplements. In the diet of liver cysts, patients with liver cysts must ensure that they are not partial to food. Grains, fresh vegetables and fruits, lean meat of cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry eggs, milk, fish and shrimp can be eaten.

Second, patients with liver cysts should eat more red vegetables . The recommended diet for liver cysts is carrots, tomatoes, red dates, dragon fruits and other red fruits and vegetables. In addition, patients with liver cysts need to drink plenty of water. Drinking more water can enhance blood circulation, promote metabolism, and also promote the secretion of glands, especially digestive glands and pancreatic juice and bile.

Third, patients with liver cysts should not drink alcohol, and eat less spicy, fried foods, as well as too sweet foods ; also blindly tonic, do not trust the supplements advertised, so as not to damage the liver or increase the burden on the liver.