What Is a Cardinal Sign?

Basic vital signs refer to pulse, respiration, blood pressure, body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). It is mainly by determining these five items to determine human life characteristics.

Basic vital signs

Right!

Basic vital signs are pulse, respiration, blood pressure, temperature,

The four major signs of life include breathing, temperature,

Women are slightly faster. Children average 90 times / minute, infants and young children can reach 130 times / minute, and the elderly average 55-60 times / minute.

The ratio of breath to pulse is 1: 4. Normal male and child breathing

1. Body temperature precautions

(1) Check the body temperature count before measuring, check whether the thermometer is damaged, and whether the mercury column is below 35 ° C.

(2) 20-30 minutes before the measurement should avoid strenuous exercise, eating, hot and cold drinks, hot and cold compresses, bathing, sitting bath, enema and so on.

(3) For infants and young children, coma, mental disorders, oral diseases, mouth and nose surgery, and mouth breathing are prohibited.

(4) For diarrhea, rectal or anal surgery, rectal thermometry should not be used in patients with myocardial infarction.

(5) When the body temperature does not match the condition, it should be monitored at the bedside, and a control and retest if necessary.

2. Considerations for measuring pulse

(1) Patients who are critically ill or receiving special treatment after surgery need to be measured once every 15-30 minutes.

(2) Healthy limbs should be measured in patients with hemiplegia.

(3) Thumb diagnosis is not available.

(4) Patients with abnormal pulses and critical patients need to be measured for 1 min.

(5) When the pulse is weak and difficult to measure, listen to the heart rate with a stethoscope for 1min.

(6) When short pulse occurs, it should be measured by two people at the same time. The recording method is "heart rate / pulse rate".

3 Considerations for measuring breathing

(1) Because breathing is controlled by consciousness to a certain extent, patients should not be noticed when measuring breath.

(2) Pediatric and respiratory abnormalities should be measured for 1min.

(3) For patients with weak or critical breathing, a little cotton can be placed in front of the nostrils, and the number of times the cotton is blown can be observed for 1 minute.

4 Considerations for measuring blood pressure

(1) In order to help the accuracy of the measurement and the comparability of the control, four determinations should be made: fixed time, fixed position, fixed position, fixed blood pressure monitor.

(2) Hemiplegia patients should choose healthy limb measurement.

(3) Exclude external factors that affect blood pressure. The cuff is too narrow and requires high pressure to block the arterial blood flow, so the blood pressure value is too high. The cuff is too wide to compress a large section of blood vessels, so that the pulsating sound disappears before reaching the lower edge of the cuff, so the blood pressure value is measured to be low. The cuff is too loose to inflate the rubber bag into a spherical shape, so that the effective measurement area becomes narrow, and the blood pressure is measured to be high. The cuff is too tight, and the blood vessels are compressed before being inflated, so the blood pressure is low.

(4) If it is found that the blood pressure is inaudible or abnormal, it should be re-measured. Pioneer to clean the air in the cuff, reduce the mercury column to "0", take a short rest, and then measure it.

(5) Prevent errors caused by the sphygmomanometer itself, such as insufficient mercury, obstruction of vent holes in the upper end of the mercury column, etc.