What Are the Dangers of Pesticide Residue?

Pesticide residue A phenomenon in which some pesticides remain directly or indirectly in cereals, vegetables, fruits, animal products, aquatic products, and in soil and water bodies after pesticides are applied in agricultural production.

Pesticide residue A phenomenon in which some pesticides remain directly or indirectly in cereals, vegetables, fruits, animal products, aquatic products, and in soil and water bodies after pesticides are applied in agricultural production.

Chinese name

Pesticide residues

Foreign name

Pesticide residues

cause

Pest and disease control method is single

other reasons

Pesticide product structure is unreasonable

Pesticide problem

Affect import and export trade

Harm reduction methods

Rational use of pesticides

Introduction to pesticide residues

Pesticide residues are residues in organisms, harvests, and soil that have not been decomposed within a period of time after pesticide use.

Pesticide residues

Soil, water, atmospheric trace pesticide pesticides, toxic metabolites, degradation and impurities collectively.

Some of the pesticides applied to crops are attached to the crops, and some are scattered in the environment such as soil, atmosphere, and water. Some of the pesticides remaining in the environment will be absorbed by plants. Residual pesticides reach humans and animals directly through plant fruits or water and the atmosphere, or are eventually passed to humans and animals through the environment and food chain. Pesticide stripper can degrade pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables ^[1]

Development of pesticide residues

The problem of pesticide residues arises with the mass production and widespread use of pesticides. Prior to the Second World War, pesticides used in agricultural production were mainly inorganic substances containing arsenic or sulfur, lead, copper, etc., and organic matter derived from plants, such as pyrethroids and nicotine. During World War II, synthetic organic pesticides began to be used in agricultural production. So far, the annual output of chemical pesticides in the world is nearly 2 million tons, and about 1,000 synthetic compounds are used as pesticides, fungicides, algicides, insecticides, deciduous agents and other pesticides. The large-scale application of pesticides, especially organic pesticides, has caused serious pesticide pollution problems and has become a serious threat to human health.

Causes of pesticide residues

Single pesticide residue method

Lack of basic knowledge on the correct use of pesticides. Most farmers only use pesticides for prevention and control. The reason is simple: the insecticidal effect is good and the effect is fast. There are also some farmers who do not pay attention to the application of drugs (such as the front of powdery mildew, the back of downy mildew, and can not be applied at noon on a sunny day). Once they think that the control effect is not good, they will increase the amount of medicine. As a result, diseases and insect pests will occur. Resistance. When drug-resistant pests and diseases are endangering vegetables in the field, a larger dose is applied to control them. Such a vicious cycle will greatly increase pesticide residues in vegetables. What's more serious is that some farmers also use prohibited or restricted pesticides on vegetables in violation of regulations. After using the drugs, the safe interval for pesticide use is busy before they reach the market, which will cause greater harm to the human body.

Structural error of pesticide residue

The understanding of the use of pollution-free pesticides is not enough to affect the quality of vegetables. The pesticides are mainly pesticides. Among these pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides are the main ones, that is, three 70%: 70% of the pesticides used. Is an insecticide; 70% of the pesticides are organophosphorus pesticides; 70% of the organophosphorus pesticides are poisonous, highly toxic, and high-residue pesticides. Some farmers think that the pesticides that are effective immediately after treatment are good pesticides, while low-level, pollution-free biological pesticides have high prices and slow effects, wasting human and material resources, and this has also affected the quality of vegetables to a certain extent.

Pesticide residues

Pesticide residues

Some of the pesticides used can be biodegraded into harmless substances in a short time, while organochlorine pesticides, including DDT, are difficult to degrade, and they are highly residual pesticides (see Organochlorine pesticide pollution). According to the characteristics of residues, residual pesticides can be divided into three types: pesticides that are easy to remain in the body of the plant are called plant residual pesticides, such as 666, isodextrin, etc .; pesticides that are easy to remain in the soil are called Soil residual pesticides, such as Aldrin, Dieldrin, etc .; Pesticides that are easily soluble in water, but remain in water for a long time are called waterborne pesticides, such as Isodil There are two types of residual pesticide residues in plants, soil and water: one is to maintain the original chemical structure; the other is to remain in the form of its chemical transformation product or biodegradation product.

Pesticide residues

Pesticides remaining in the soil enter the plant through the root system of the plant. The amount of pesticide residues in different plant organisms depends on their ability to absorb pesticides. The absorptive capacity of Aldrin in different plants is: peanut>; soybean>; oat>; barley> corn. After the pesticide is absorbed, the order of the amount of distribution in the plant is: root>; stem>; leaf>; fruit.

Other aspects of pesticide residues

Pesticides enter rivers, lakes, and oceans, causing pesticides to accumulate in aquatic organisms. Organochlorine pesticides are quite common in fish bodies in nature, with a concentration factor of 5 to 40 000 times.

Causes of pesticide residues

There are many reasons that cause and affect pesticide residues. Among them, the nature of pesticides, environmental factors, and methods of pesticide use are the main factors affecting pesticide residues.

Pesticide properties and pesticide residues

Pesticides such as organic arsenic and mercury, which have been banned, remain in the environment and plants because their metabolites, arsenic and mercury, cannot be degraded eventually.

666, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites are chemically stable, slowly dissolve in crops and the environment, and easily accumulate in human and animal body fat. Therefore, although organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites are not very toxic, their residual toxicity problem still exists.

The chemical properties of organophosphorus and urethane pesticides are unstable. After application, they are easily decomposed by external conditions. However, there are some highly toxic and highly toxic species in organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides, such as methamidophos, parathion, aldicarb, clopicarb, hydroamidophos, and so on. For continuously harvested vegetables, it is difficult to avoid human and livestock poisoning due to excessive residues.

In addition, some pesticides are relatively low in toxicity, but they have high production impurities or metabolite residues. For example, impurities produced during the production of dithiocarbamate fungicides and their metabolites, ethylenethiourea, are carcinogens, dicofol. Impurities in DDT, bupropion, bupropion, main metabolites of bupropion, bupropion and 3-hydroxy bupropion, etc.

The systemic, volatile, water-soluble, and adsorptive properties of pesticides directly affect their residues in the surrounding environment of plants, the atmosphere, water, and soil. Environmental factors such as temperature, light, rainfall, soil pH and organic matter content, vegetation conditions / microbes also affect the degradation rate of pesticides and the pesticide residues to varying degrees.

How to use pesticide residues

Generally speaking, agricultural products such as emulsifiable concentrates and suspensions used for direct spraying are relatively more polluting. The powder is more harmful to the environment and the applicator because it is easy to float.

Any pesticide variety has its suitable control object, crops, and reasonable application time, number of uses, application amount, and safety interval (safety interval between the last application and harvest). Reasonable application of pesticides can effectively prevent diseases, insect pests and weeds, at the same time reduce unnecessary waste, reduce pesticide pollution to agricultural and sideline products and the environment, and indiscriminate abuse of pesticides will inevitably lead to agricultural product pollution and environmental damage.

Pesticide residues

Pesticides enter food, vegetables, fruits, fish, shrimp, meat, eggs, and milk, causing food contamination and endangering human health. In general, organochlorine pesticides have a slow metabolism rate in the human body and a long accumulation time. Organochlorine residues in the body are mainly concentrated in fat. For example, the content ratio of DDT in human blood, brain, liver and adipose tissue is 1: 4: 30: 300; Dieldrin is 1: 5: 30: 150. Because pesticide residues are very harmful to humans and organisms, pesticide application in all countries is strictly regulated, and the allowable amount of pesticide residues in food is regulated. For example, if Japan implements a registration system for pesticides, once it is determined that a certain pesticide is harmful to humans and livestock, the government will restrict or ban the sale and use.

Pesticide residue limit

The World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (WHO / FAO) define pesticide residue limits as the maximum concentration of pesticide residues formed in food and feed after direct or indirect use of pesticides in accordance with good agricultural production (GAP) practices. . First, according to the toxicity evaluation of pesticides and their residues, in accordance with the good agricultural practices and safe and rational use of pesticides promulgated by the state, to meet the needs of various pest control in the country, under strict technical supervision, under the premise of effective control of pests and diseases, A representative higher value was taken from the obtained series of residual data. Its direct role is to limit the pesticide residues in agricultural products and protect the health of citizens. In today's world trade integration, maximum pesticide residue limits have also become important technical barriers among trading nations.

Maximum Pesticide Residues

Maximum residue limits (MRLs) refer to the maximum concentration of pesticide residues in or on the surface of various foods and animal feeds after pesticides are used in accordance with Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in the production or protection of commodities . Maximum residue limits are based on good pesticide use practices (GAP) and food pesticide residues that are considered toxicologically acceptable.

The criteria for maximum pesticide residue limits are mainly applied to international trade and are derived from estimates of the Joint FAO / WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR): toxicity estimates of pesticides and their residues; review Residual data collected during monitoring experiments and national food operation supervision use, the monitoring data produced the highest national recommended, authorized and registered safe use data. In order to meet the different requirements of pest control requirements nationwide, the maximum pesticide residue limit standard will continue to repeat the highest level of data in monitoring experiments to determine that it is an effective pest control method. The Reference Day Allowable Intake (ADI), through the calculation and determination of residues in various diets at home and abroad, shows that foods consistent with the "maximum residue limit standards" are safe for human consumption.

Pesticide Residue Limit

Extraneous Maximum Residue Limits (EMRLs) Although some residual persistent pesticides have been banned, they have caused pollution to the environment and thus formed residues in food again. In order to control the contamination of such pesticide residues on foods, limits for their residues in foods are established.

Permissible daily dose of pesticide residues

Acceptable daily intakes (ADI) Humans ingest a substance daily for life, without producing a detectable amount that is harmful to health, expressed as an ingestible amount (mg) per kilogram of body weight The unit is mg / kg body weight.

Pesticide residue acute ginseng dose

Acute reference dose (acute RFD) A substance in food or drinking water that is absorbed within a short period of time (usually a meal or a day) without causing any observable health damage currently known The dose.

Pesticide residue allowance

Temporary Acceptable Daily Intake (TADI) refers to the daily allowable daily intake for a certain period of time.

Temporary pesticide tolerance

Provisional tolerable daily intakes (PTDI) refer to the amount a person can tolerate daily for a persistent pesticide with a re-residue limit.

Pesticide residue detection method

The problem of drug residues arises with the mass production and widespread use of drugs. So far, the annual output of chemical drugs in the world is nearly 2 million tons, and about 1,000 synthetic compounds are used as pesticides, fungicides, algicides, insecticides, deciduous agents and other drugs. The large amount of drugs, especially organic drugs, has caused serious drug pollution problems and has become a serious threat to human health. "At present, the citizens have three ways to know whether the products they buy are safe or not." The relevant staff introduced that for the quality and safety information of all agricultural products and their production units that have been included in retrospective management, the citizens can use the agricultural service hotline and mobile phone text message through 12316. And the Internet for quick queries. According to statistics, the market sampling inspection rate of vegetables, edible fungi, fruits, tea and other products included in retrospective management reached 97.7%, an increase of 0.8 percentage points from before the retrospective. The quality and safety qualification rate of agricultural product production bases implementing traceability management has reached 100% retrospective, the production record filing rate has reached 100%, the product packaging labeling rate has reached 95%, and the amount of drugs used in the production process has been reduced by more than 20%.
In addition, under certain conditions, organophosphorus and carbamate drugs can inhibit the normal function of cholinesterase. The inhibition rate is related to the concentration of the drug. Under normal circumstances, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of nerve conduction metabolites (acetylcholine). The hydrolysate reacts with the developer to produce a yellow substance. The inhibition rate can be used to determine whether a high-dose organic phosphorus or urethane drug exists in the sample.

Pesticide residues

There are different levels of pesticide residues in countries around the world. Pesticide residues can cause the following hazards.

Pesticide residues affect health

Consuming foods containing a large amount of highly toxic and highly toxic pesticide residues can cause acute poisoning accidents in humans and animals. Long-term consumption of agricultural and sideline products with excessive pesticide residues will not cause acute poisoning, but may cause chronic poisoning of humans and animals, cause disease, and even affect the next generation.

Pesticide residues affect agriculture

Due to the unreasonable use of pesticides, especially herbicides, frequent accidents caused by pesticides, often lead to large-scale reductions or even extinctions, seriously affecting agricultural production. Long residual herbicides in the soil are one of the important reasons.

Pesticide residues affect trade

Countries around the world, especially developed countries, attach great importance to the problem of pesticide residues, and have increasingly stricter limit standards for pesticide residues in various agricultural and sideline products. Many countries use pesticide residue limits as technical barriers to restrict the import of agricultural and sideline products and protect agricultural production. In 2000, the European Union reduced the fenvalerate residue limit in tea from 10 mg / kg to 0.1 mg / kg, which posed a severe challenge for China's tea exports.

Pesticide residue control

Pesticide residue cultivation measures

First, choose disease-resistant varieties; second, reasonably rotate crops to reduce the accumulation of soil pests; third, cultivate strong seedlings, reasonably dense planting, clean the countryside, and rationally irrigate and fertilize; fourth, use seed disinfection and soil disinfection to kill pathogens; five Physical methods such as lamp lure and taste lure are used to trap and kill pests. For example: yellow boards trap and kill aphids, whiteflies, leaf miners, etc .; light traps and kills pests such as Spodoptera litura and scarabs; plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura, and beet armyworm, etc.

Biological control of pesticide residues

Make full use of natural enemies in the field to control pests for control. First, choose a cultivation method suitable for the survival and reproduction of natural enemies to maintain the environment in which the natural enemies survive. Compared with the garden grass cultivation method, it can maintain an environment conducive to the survival of natural enemies and achieve the purpose of protecting natural enemies. Secondly, it should be noted that once the pests are found to be harmful to the crops, the use of chemical pesticides that are highly harmful to natural enemies should be avoided, and biological pesticides should be preferentially selected. Common types of biological pesticides are: BT bio-insecticides and antibiotic pesticides and fungicides, such as Liuyangmycin, avermectin, methoxyavermectin, agricultural anti-120, Wuyimycin, Jinggangmycin, Agricultural streptomycin and so on. Insect virus insecticides, such as Austrian Green No. 1. Juvenile hormone insecticides, such as juvenile urea (insecticidal enemies), and inhibitors. Botanical pesticides, such as oxymatrine, green waves, etc.

Careful selection of pesticides

In the later stages of crop growth, when it is difficult to control biological pesticides, such pesticides can be used for prevention and control. Applicable pesticides are spinosad (caxi), hita, hydrazide (Meman, Asika), fenprofen (except for all), fipronil (Ruijinte), and flubendi (Nongmengte) ), Pyrethroids, Nongdi Le, Diflubenzus, Phoxim, Chlorpyrifos (Xinnongbao, Lexburn), Imidacloprid (Aphis nets), Acarid nets, Ankers, Alumicide, Manganese zinc (Kelu, Kedan), Mycoxenol, Pythium, Diltiazem, Proton, Azoxystrobin (Shijiale), Metalaxyl, Kodak, Dasheng M-45, Carbendazim, etc. It is strictly forbidden to use highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, such as 3911, furantan, methyl 1605, methamidophos, and omethoate. Pay attention to the use of pesticides, choose counterpart pesticides, and use pesticides in a timely manner. Strictly control the concentration and the number of times of use, and adopt reasonable medication methods. Pay attention to the rotation of different types of pesticides to prevent disease and insects from developing resistance. Strict implementation of safe intervals for pesticide use.

Pesticide Residue Resolution Strategy

Reasonable use of pesticide residues

To solve the problem of pesticide residues, we must eradicate pesticide residue pollution from the root cause. China has formulated and issued seven batches of National Standards for the Rational Use of Pesticides. The guidelines specify the technical indicators of various pesticides on different crops, such as the period of use, method of use, number of uses, and safety interval. The rational use of pesticides can not only effectively control pests and diseases, but also reduce the use of pesticides and waste. The most important thing is to prevent pesticide residues from exceeding standards. Relevant departments should continue to strengthen the formulation of the Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides, increase publicity, and strengthen technical guidance so that the Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides can truly play their due role. And pesticide users should actively learn, establish civic moral concepts, and use pesticides scientifically and reasonably.

Pesticide residue monitoring

Carrying out a comprehensive and systematic monitoring of pesticide residues can timely grasp the status and rules of pesticide residues in agricultural products, find out the causes of pesticide residue formation, provide timely and effective data for government departments, and provide relevant functional departments with regulations and rules and laws and regulations. in accordance with.

Strengthen management of pesticide residues

Strengthening the implementation of relevant laws and regulations such as the Pesticide Management Regulations, Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides and Limits of Pesticide Residues in Foods and strengthening penalties for violations of relevant laws and regulations are a powerful guarantee to prevent pesticide residues from exceeding standards.

Biological cleaning of pesticide residues

Biological detergent (degrading enzyme)

There are several types of biological cleansing liquids (degrading enzymes) in the market. In principle, these biological cleansing liquids are extracted from edible bioproteases from pineapple, papaya, grapefruit, wormwood, apple, lemon and other organisms. The protease activity is used to destroy the residues. The structure of pesticides is the shedding and degradation of pesticide factors. The cleansing solution can penetrate the surface layer of fruits and vegetables and wash them within 4mm of the meat quality of the fruits and vegetables.

"Pesticide-degrading enzyme" completely removes pesticide residues

Pesticide-degrading enzymes are detoxified by hydrolyzing phosphate ester bonds in organophosphorus pesticide molecules. Pesticide-degrading enzymes can chemically react with pesticides remaining on the surface of fruits, vegetables and fruits, destroying the structure of their highly toxic components, making them highly toxic. Pesticides instantly become non-toxic, water-soluble small molecules, thereby achieving the effect of quickly detoxifying fruits and vegetables.

New pesticide residue standards

China has established national standards for 197 pesticide maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 79 pesticides in 32 (class) agricultural and sideline products. The maximum standards for pesticide residues on fruit trees are as follows (Note: mg / kg = mg / kg ):

1. chlorothalonil 1mg / kg; 2. fenthion 0.05mg / kg;

3. Phenyltin 5mg / kg; 4. Glyphosate 0.1mg / kg;

5. Diflubenzuron 1mg / kg; 6. Mancozeb 3mg / kg (pear fruit);

7. Mancozeb 5mg / kg (small grain fruit); 8. DDT 0.1mg / kg;

9. Trichlorfon 0.1mg / kg; 10. Chlorpyrifos 1mg / kg (pear fruit);

11. Parathion is not detectable; 12. Carbendazim 0.5mg / kg;

13. Diazinon 0.5mg / kg 14. Fenvalerate 0.5mg / kg;

15. Phosphoric acid must not be detected 16. Menacarb 2.5mg / kg;

17. Metalaxyl 1mg / kg (small grain fruit) 18. Kangfawei 2.5mg / kg;

19, carbendazim 15mg / kg; 20, dimethoate 1mg / kg;

21. Six or six 0.2mg / kg 2 2. Cyhalothrin 0.2mg / kg (pear fruit);

23. Permethrin 2mg / kg; 24. Malathion is not detectable;

25. Fenvalerate 0.2mg / kg; 26. Propargite 5mg / kg (pear fruit);

27. Thiafenone 0.5mg / kg (pear fruit); 28. Triazolone 0.2mg / kg

29. Triazotin 2mg / kg (pear fruit); 30. Fenitrothion 0.5mg / kg;

31. Double formamidine 0.5mg / kg (pear fruit); 32. Tetrapyrazine 1mg;

33. Phoxim 0.05mg / kg; 34, Bromofenate 5mg / kg (plow fruit);

35. Deltamethrin 0.1mg / kg (skin edible) 36. Imithion 0.5mg / kg;

37. Acephate 0.5mg / kg; 38, Isocarbazone 10mg / kg (pear fruit);

39. Dichlorvos 0.2mg / kg.

Pesticide residue prevention exceeded standards

1. Master the different dosages. Different pesticides have different dosages. The dosage of the same pesticide in different control periods is not the same, and the dosage of various pesticides to the control object is determined after testing by the technical department. Do not increase the dose arbitrarily or increase the number of times of use. If you increase the dose at will, it will not only cause waste of pesticides, but also cause pesticide damage, which will lead to pesticide residues in crops, especially vegetables. However, fear of pesticide residues, the use of methods to reduce the amount of drugs, but also can not achieve the desired control effect. Therefore, in the production, firstly, according to the control object, the most suitable pesticide species should be selected, and the best time for drug control should be grasped; secondly, the pesticide use standards should be strictly controlled to ensure the control effect and reduce the residue.

2. Master the key period of medication. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases and the characteristics of damage, pesticides should be applied at critical times. The preventive and therapeutic agents should be applied at the beginning of the onset. Pure treatment is also effective when the disease is mild. Disease prevention is best applied at the beginning or early stages of disease. Pest control should be done when the body is small. At this time, the larvae are concentrated, the body is small, and the resistance is weak. It is too early to get the proper control effect, and too late for pesticides to be absorbed by crops, resulting in excessive residues.

3. Master the safety interval. The safe interval is the time between the last use of pesticides and the time of harvest. Different pesticides have different intervals due to their stability and amount of use. The interval is short and the pesticide degradation time is not enough to cause the residue to exceed the standard. For example, 50% of aphids is used to control wheat aphids, which can be used up to 2 times per season with an interval of about 15 days.

4. Select high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides. In order to prevent pesticides from exceeding the standards, low-toxic pesticides and biological pesticides that are safe for humans and animals must be selected in production. The use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides is prohibited.

5. Alternate medication. Repeated application of a pesticide repeatedly not only has poor efficacy, but also easily causes resistance to diseases and insect pests. When the diseases, pests and weeds are serious and need to be used multiple times, the agents with different action mechanisms should be alternately used. This not only avoids and delays the generation of resistance, but also effectively prevents pesticide residues from exceeding standards.

China Pesticide First Network reminds you to do the above 5 points to prevent pesticide residues from exceeding the standard reasonably! !!

Relationship between pesticide residues in food and human society

Today's food market is dominated by genetically modified crops. People eat foods that contain BT toxin protein, foods that contain a lot of herbicide toxins, and many fruits and vegetables with pesticide residues. What else can we eat today? According to the evolutionary theory of species and genetic transformation of the same family species, we humans can find many wild food plants that can be cross-bred from numerous plants. We eat rice, wheat, corn, millet and other food crops and vegetables such as celery, eggplant, Chinese cabbage, rapeseed, etc. Are these foods on the human table formed naturally in the late stage of the Big Bang? In nature, we can still see a lot of crops that have not yet evolved into us humans. Do you still remember the times of Child? We bring a kind of innocent and romantic wild childlike innocence, happily playing in the fields, enjoying the primitive bathing that nature brings to us humans. From time to time, we are picking flowers and wild fruits in the field and savoring the savory fragrance of it, and the bitter wild vegetables and wild fruits allow us to taste the original species that nature has given us that humans have not yet evolved to the end. In the fields and wilderness, wild vegetables and fruits and leguminous plants similar to food crops can be seen everywhere, such as wild celery, wild beans and other plants. There is also a kind of aquatic plants similar to rice, which belongs to the close relatives of rice. Can we use modern scientific methods to artificially hybridize these wild plants and transform them into new human-edible crops? At the same time, we can also promote the cultivation of this new type of agricultural products on a large scale to solve the food problem that our human beings need to survive. This also solves the problem of human use of toxin-containing genetically modified varieties and belts due to food shortage problems. Supply of pesticides, fruits, vegetables and other non-staple food. In fact, with regard to human dietary safety, in my opinion, it is no problem to rely on existing food types without any toxin residues to supply us human survival. We humans should no longer use genetically modified food crops containing BT toxin protein, vegetables and fruits containing pesticide toxin residues, and meat by-products. It should be possible. At this point, we should perform genetic hybridization and transformation with wild and close relatives of the food family, and then form a new type of food. I think this is feasible. In addition, the most critical issue is how to protect the country's only 1.8 billion mu of machine-cultivated land from being damaged. We can no longer introduce genetically modified foods and grains from any country, and rely on our own science and technology to promote the cultivation of large amounts of grain and oil crops. This should be the first choice. We can carry out reclamation in the hilly areas of the mid-mountain region, so that the land resources of all provinces, cities and regions in the country can develop in a balanced manner, while reducing the size of the real estate industry and cities. Then, the country's labor resources are allocated to various industrial bases in a balanced manner, and large-scale development efforts in industry and agriculture are implemented, which not only ensures the effective supply of food and non-staple food, but also the reasonable allocation of human resources. In this way, with modern science and technology and a large agricultural arable land area as a guarantee, food with pesticide residues will no longer appear on our human tables to invade our organisms.

Now, who exactly caused the disastrous situation that caused the lag in the development of human agriculture? Isn't it caused by the infinite expansion of modern cities, the unrestricted enclosure movement, and the wasteful accumulation of agricultural land that developers have requisitioned for several years? This is the land hoarding in the process of urban construction, and there is no land for farmers who lost a lot of land, hi! What a pity land! The law does not allow farmers to waste their land, but these developers consciously violate the national constitution and rural land contract law, plundering a large number of farmers' land for illegal hoarding and destroying the country's land resources. When a large amount of agricultural land is used for urban expansion, it will completely lose its original basic function forever. However, do these urban builders who only care about their immediate interests know that land is a non-renewable resource? What's so good about the city? With the rapid development of modern industry and the rapid improvement of automobile manufacturing, environmental pollution in cities is becoming increasingly serious. If we implement the joint construction of cities and villages based on a population of more than one billion people, cities will no longer expand, and the country s human resources will be allocated in a low-flow and balanced manner to increase the scale of agricultural infrastructure and expand the area of food cultivation. This is the only way for us humans to solve food security. In addition, more arable agricultural land is reclaimed, resolutely resist the cultivation of genetically modified crops, prohibit the large-scale use of pesticides, and implement biological control methods for crop diseases and insect pests to solve the problem. However, the safety factor of our human diet is gradually lowering standards. The world s food shortages, such as foods with genetically modified toxins, agricultural and sideline products containing a large amount of pesticide toxin residues, and lagging agricultural development, have not been plagued by us. Isn't our body always in a sub-health state? This series of questions has made people wonder, what is wrong with human society? Because of the huge flow of human resources, many complex social problems, the sluggish development of agriculture itself, and the irreparable causes of the rapid shrinkage of land resources, how much room does this leave for future generations?

In the final analysis, pesticide residues in food are the development of human society itself. In a modern society with rapid development of agricultural science and technology, we can use the natural enemies of insect pests to form natural biological chains to combat the pests and diseases of crops. This method can also be applied to the pests of fruits and vegetables. Prevention. For those weeds in the field, we can use modern weeding machinery and human resources to kill. If it is implemented effectively according to the above method, the pesticide residues in food will not appear on the human table, and our body will no longer suffer from unexplained pathological pain and prolonged sub-health. The final conclusion is that the scientific management of human society and the large amount of pesticide residues in crops are very restrictive. How to use modern scientific methods to develop agricultural mechanization is the most fundamental problem. Weeding in the field no longer uses pesticides, and no toxin residues from herbicides will appear in our grain. By using the biological chain to prevent diseases and insect pests, we will not produce drug toxin residues in our food and vegetables and melons and pears, and genetically modified foods with toxin proteins will leave us. Pesticide residues-will be a permanent memory in human history.

Thinking behind the "toxic wine door" of pesticide residues

In recent days, reports about "carcinogenic risk of wine pesticide residues" have become overwhelming. As a century-old Changyu Wine Co., Ltd., it has fallen into the "carcinogenic door" of agricultural residues. On the secondary market, Changyu's A shares fell heavily in early trading, as of noon. At the close, the stock price had fallen by 8.57%, and finally stood at the top of the Shenzhen and Shanghai A-shares drop list. The incident originated from a message on the official Weibo of the Securities Market Weekly on August 10, "Ten ten wines from three domestic wine listed companies were sent to the National Food Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for testing. All of them detected carbendazim or metalaxyl. Pesticide residues. Changyu's wine residue value exceeds the other two. Carbendazim is a banned pesticide in the United States and has the risk of causing liver cancer. "Weibo also said that the cover article of" Securities Market Weekly "which will be published next time is" Zhang Yu " Pesticides ". It was another food safety incident, and it caused two conventional pesticides, "carbendazim" and "metalaxyl".

On December 24, 2011, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine announced the results of spot checks on the quality of 200 liquid milk products. Among them, two products appeared. The aflatoxin M1 project did not meet the standards. One of them was from Mengniu Dairy. (Meishan) Co., Ltd., aflatoxin M1 exceeded the standard by 140%. Aflatoxin is a Class 1 carcinogen designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) Cancer Research Organization. It has a destructive effect on human and animal liver tissues and is a highly toxic highly toxic substance.

In January 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration suspended and investigated orange juice containing a small amount of carbendazim. Then on February 2nd, the US Food and Drug Administration announced a new round of product test results that showed that orange juice sold in the United States would not pose a risk to human health. The US Environmental Protection Agency claims that orange juice products with a carbendazim content of less than 0.08ppm do not pose a health risk to the human body. The European standard is 0.2ppm, while the Australian standard is no more than 0.01ppm. The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture of China jointly issued the "Maximum Residue Limit Standard for Carbendazim in Food" on January 2, 2011, and it was implemented on April 1 of that year. The maximum residue limit of citrus is 5ppm, watermelon is 0.5ppm, and leek is 2ppm. The citrus residue standard is far lower than the European and American standard of 0.2 ppm.

On April 11, 2012, Greenpeace (International Environmental Protection Organization) released the "2012 Tea Pesticide Investigation Report" on its official website. The report showed that after spot checks of tea products in Beijing, Chengdu, Haikou and other places, many well-known brand products were found. Pesticide residues exist, and a well-known tea has been detected to contain more than three residual pesticides. Among them, tea was found to contain pesticides aldicarb and endosulfan that the Ministry of Agriculture has specifically stipulated not to use on tea.

On April 24, 2012, Greenpeace published an article on its official Chinese website, "Greenpeace survey shows: Lipton tea bag detected banned pesticides" states that some Lipton industrial products contain highly pesticides that are banned by the state from being used on tea. Methomyl and some other banned pesticides.

At the beginning of July 2012, rumors of the use of carcinogenic pesticides in grape production in Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province. Grapes were largely unsold due to rumors of "grape carcinogenicity". Even if 50% of the 3,000-acre grape plantation is unsaleable, nearly 2000 Loss of ten thousand yuan. Rumors occurred in western Jiangxi, and grape sales in northern Jiangxi were also affected. The test results showed that all 13 testing items including heavy metal indicators lead and cadmium were all qualified and met the requirements of pollution-free agricultural products.

If you think about the reported carcinogenic event of agricultural residues, you will find that it is different from previous incidents. There are a lot of doubts in the media's approach; the cause of the incident is pesticide residues. Both agricultural product management companies should think calmly, find countermeasures, and seek business opportunities in a crisis. Consumers are increasingly paying attention to food safety and abhorring behaviors that endanger human health. In this incident, consumers also expressed their own Angry, one-sided evaluation of "pesticides" and further demonizing, and resisting the use of pesticides, this behavior is obviously irrational.

Media: Stick to the bottom line, abide by professional ethics, and be a competent uncrowned king.

The microblog information that caused this wine farmer carcinogenesis storm has a lot of confusion. One is the selective submission of varieties. "Securities Market Weekly" sent ten wines from three domestic wine listed companies to the National Food Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for testing. What's the intention? Why are foreign wines immune from testing? The reason is that its company is not listed in China? There are 12 domestic wine listed companies (respectively: Changyu A, Tongpu shares, Mogao shares, Sino-Portuguese, Yinguangxia, Huangtai, Southwest Securities, Gujing wine, Guizhou Maotai, Tsingtao Beer, Yinji Group) There are so many, why are the other 9 companies immune from testing? Do several other products also have pesticide residues and excessive pesticide residues? Secondly, selective release of information. Three wine-listed wine companies have tested the wine products, and all of them have carbendazim and metalaxyl, and only Changyu Wine Residue Value Exceeds Two Others was announced in the information. Weibo also said that the cover article of the "Securities Market Weekly" which will be published next time is "Changyu" Pesticide Residue ". The residual value is not compared with national standards, but compared with other company varieties. What is the intention? It can be seen that the spearhead is pointing at Zhang Yu. What is doubtful is that the information of the other two has not been disclosed so far, and the other two also have pesticide residues. Third, confuse concepts, exaggerate facts, and mislead consumers. The information in Weibo Carbendazim and metalaxyl were detected in all three products. Only the pesticide components are reported, and the content of the test is not disclosed. The public will simply infer from this incomplete information that wine The conclusion that there is pesticide in it, at the moment when pesticides are demonized, it is obvious that this information has other purposes. The two concepts of "pesticide residues" and "excessive pesticide residues" are different. It is obviously unfair to de-qualify from the quantity and mislead consumers. There are standards for pesticide residues in the country, and there is a range of safety and qualification. It is not necessary to detect pesticide residues. Fourthly, the information in the microblog "Carbendazim is a banned pesticide in the United States and has the risk of causing liver cancer". The maximum residue limit of fruit is 0.5 ppm. By linking "carbendazim", "disabled", and "liver cancer", the message to the public is "carbendazim can cause cancer", and the important factor of pesticide concentration is ignored, and sufficient concentrations are required to cause canceration. As long as the food containing this pesticide ingredient is consumed, it will cause cancer.

In the face of many doubts, I wonder if the media did it intentionally or because of ignorance. The media's concern for food safety is welcomed by the public. However, it should not be the media's actions to create topics, confuse concepts, act as gunmen, hype the news, and cause public panic. It is hoped that the relevant media reports can strictly observe the professional ethics of the media people, and report objectively, fairly and comprehensively. The effects and losses caused by false reports are unimaginable.

Food product manufacturing enterprises: improve the quality control system and establish a sound crisis public relations system.

The emergence of this emergency event sounded an alarm for the quality and safety of the wine industry, and also tested Changyu's crisis public relations ability. From the current stage, Changyu's approach effectively controlled the further expansion of the situation and interpreted it for the public. A real Changyu, some measures are worth learning from other industries. After the incident, Zhang Yu did not remain silent, but responded quickly and acted quickly. Various measures such as issuing clarification announcements, holding media communication meetings, quality conferences, sending quality inspection reports, and deleting posts were taken to prevent the situation from spreading. Has played a vital role in curbing developments.

Based on the "Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food" and "Maximum Residue Limit Standards for Carbendazim in Foods", Changyu Company compared the results detected by reporters and proved that the wines sent by reporters are within the national regulations. Qualified varieties, at the same time concluded that "the 10 products submitted by the reporter were tested, and none of the highly toxic pesticides explicitly prohibited by the state were found. The lowest content of the low-toxic fungicide carbendazim was 0.00157 mg / kg, and the highest content was 0.01942mg / kg, the highest content is only 1/26 of the European Union's limit standard (0.5mg / kg), and only 1/154 of the domestic "Maximum Residue Limit of Pesticides in Food" (3mg / kg); The lowest content of the low-toxic fungicide metalaxyl is 0.00211mg / kg and the highest content is 0.01414mg / kg, which is only 1/71 of the European Union's limited and domestic standards (both 1mg / kg). This makes sense. The well-founded refutation directly points to the fatalities of the other party, and has a strong persuasive power, effectively achieving the purpose of persuading investors and consumers.

In this incident, the association's active participation strengthened its persuasion. The China Wine Industry Association and the China Food Association jointly held a press conference in Beijing. The president of the grape branch, Wang Zuming, said that the incident was fundamentally different from the melamine and Sudan red incidents. First, melamine and Sudan red are food additives that are prohibited by the state. Adding and using is a serious violation of laws and regulations. Secondly, the use of pesticides is strictly in accordance with the national registration system standards, which meet the standards and are allowed in the country. The scope and dosage are completely legal and compliant. Third, the key to detecting pesticide residues depends on whether the pesticide residues exceed the standard. Whether in the past testing or the media submission, the quality of Changyu wine is completely Qualified, pesticide residue control is far below the European and American limits.

At the same time, Zhang Yu made full use of the media to respond to the incident and disclosed information through China Securities Journal, Securities Times, Hong Kong Commercial Daily and Juchao Information Network. The Securities Market Weekly also announced that it was originally scheduled for August The 29th issue of the magazine, "Postponed Publication for some reason," published on the 11th. Through this series of public relations actions, it has prevented the spread of rumors and dispelled the doubts among consumers and investors. These practices also serve as a public relations solution for future crises. It provides a model that can be used for reference, and it is worth studying and studying in other industries.

Think of the "poisoned milk" incident a while ago, Mengniu once again apologized. "Mengniu Group once again sincerely apologizes to the vast number of consumers! We will carefully learn the major lessons of this incident and be more rigorous and meticulous in future work. To implement the quality and testing standards of the state and enterprises, and to control the quality at every link. " The apology statement has nothing new, the text appears pale and weak, and its goal is nothing more than one. Please forgive me. For the sake of "sincere apologies", please continue to buy Mengniu products with confidence. The reason why this crisis PR is so weak is that the lack of control over the quality of the product was wrong and there were no sincere PR actions after many "sincere apologies". Quality is the cornerstone of corporate development and the core of product marketing. Leaving this core to go for hype and public relations is tantamount to seeking out fish.

An unconfirmed Weibo can cause such an uproar. It can be seen that consumer nerves are already quite fragile. At present, competition in many industries is fierce and unfair competition methods are constantly emerging. It is also possible for "black hand public relations" to become normalized. Even some companies will be shot when lying down. As an enterprise, all that can be done is to have a sense of anxiety from time to time, establish an emergency plan system, and actively respond to emergencies. See Recruitment, as an agricultural asset sales enterprise, it also needs to learn from this incident.

Agricultural asset sales enterprises: Follow the trend, pay attention to product upgrades, and scientifically guide farmers' production and operations.

The peasant residues problem that has repeatedly exploded has pushed high toxicity, high residue, and pesticides to the forefront, and is constantly touching the fragile nerves of consumers. As an agricultural-related enterprise, it is necessary to face all this. The market needs "Low-toxic", "high-efficiency", "low-residue" safe pesticides, and standardized measures for controlling diseases, insects, and weeds, among which there are also crises with huge business opportunities.

Based on consumers' food safety considerations, the replacement of "high-toxic" and "high-residue" pesticides is inevitable in the development of the market. Biological pesticides and environmentally friendly pesticides will become the new darlings of the market. There are huge business opportunities in this process of market transformation. Some domestic companies have made many beneficial attempts. For example, some domestic companies have invested heavily in the microbial preparation industry, researched and developed bio-control bacteria for soil-borne diseases, and used bacteria to control bacteria, reducing the use of highly toxic pesticides and reducing agricultural and agricultural products. Residual volume, achieved good results in practical applications.

At present, the method of adding hidden ingredients to pesticides has been adopted by many enterprises. Some of the hidden ingredients added are actually highly toxic and highly residual ingredients. Some companies even add highly toxic ingredients to the production of plant-derived biological pesticides. Unlike playing with fire, the end of self-immolation is inevitable. In 2007, a biopesticide manufacturer in Hebei, "matrine. Nicotine" was found to contain "beta-cypermethrin", and the pesticide registration certificate was revoked by the Ministry of Agriculture in accordance with the law. Just imagine, if the company's products are used in the production of pollution-free or green agricultural products, can the agricultural product residues exceed the standards? Because the agricultural products that exceed the standard do not meet the production requirements, there are other ways to go besides low-price sales and destruction? At that time, it was not surprising that companies face litigation. It can be seen that those who play with fire must be careful, and those who play with fire have given us a lot of inspiration.

Pesticide is a double-edged sword, which can prevent insects, diseases, and weeds, and plays an important role in ensuring and increasing crop yields. This is the function of pesticides, which is followed by excessive pesticide residues caused by abuse of pesticides. The impact of human health cannot be underestimated. The topic of "excessive pesticide residues" should attract more attention from agricultural capitalists. The use of pesticides will cause residues. This is an indisputable fact. Eliminating excessive pesticides should be something that agricultural asset sales enterprises should do. To eliminate excessive pesticides, production and marketing enterprises are required. Do a good job of guiding the safe use of pesticides, instead of blindly aiming at "high efficiency", but also take into account "low residual", and control factors such as the type, duration, concentration, and safety interval of pesticides that affect the level of pesticide residues .

Growers: The current situation of light weight and weight needs urgent improvement, and high-quality, high-yield and low-residue are the needs of market development.

In the face of frequent pests and weeds, maintaining the yield and using pesticides is the most convenient and feasible way. With the increase of resistance to pests and diseases, growers will increase the use of drugs, increase the concentration of pesticides, and shorten the interval between use of drugs. In this way, the risk of exceeding pesticide residues will increase. The most effective way to increase crop yield is to use chemical fertilizers. In pursuit of higher yields, the more fertilizers and hormones are used, the more they are used, the more they are used. The phenomenon of excessive use of fertilizers and hormones can be seen everywhere, and the situation is even more serious in fruit and vegetable planting areas. Hormone levels exceeded. The current market situation is that although there is output, because the residues cannot meet the standards, they cannot go abroad, they cannot enter high-end commercial supermarkets, it is difficult to enjoy high prices, and it is difficult to significantly improve the planting efficiency.

At the same time, there is another problem that puzzles growers: it is difficult to enjoy high prices at high quality. In the face of the embarrassing situation where high prices are difficult to obtain, it is particularly important for high-quality agricultural products to take the fine line and build a brand of high-quality agricultural products. Let those agricultural products that are produced strictly in accordance with pollution-free or green food production regulations be qualitatively priced, so that growers can truly enjoy the excess benefits brought by high quality. Currently, Beijing and Shandong growers have standardized the management of high standards of planting. High-quality fruits and vegetables are also sold at "astronomical prices", 15 yuan per pound of rice, 30 yuan per pound of apples, 20 yuan per pound of cucumbers, and 48 yuan per kilo. Consumers did not retreat at high prices, but showed a high degree of enthusiasm. These products have been loved and sold well.

Consumers: Because it is not advisable to waste food, we should not demonize too much "pesticides".

As long as it is nominally green and organic, it is considered good, and everything that is inorganic and chemically synthesized is not good. This idea exists in many people's minds. At this stage, it is not advisable to pursue complete organic cultivation, and it is also difficult to achieve. The production of pollution-free and green agricultural products is currently the best choice, and excessive demonization of pesticides is not advisable.

Pesticide residues are safe as long as they are within a safe range. Considering the harm of pesticide residues to the human body, the amount of factors must be fully considered. It is not a scientific act to determine whether there is no amount to be harmful. Taking the well-known salt as an example, the World Health Organization stipulates that the daily salt intake of adults should not exceed 6 grams. Normal people ingesting 35-40 grams of salt daily can cause acute poisoning and edema.

In order to ensure food safety, the state has also adopted a series of measures, promulgated the "Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Law of the People's Republic of China", formulated standards such as "Maximum Pesticide Residues in Pesticides in Foods" and "Limits of Contaminants in Foods".

During the consumption of fruits and vegetables, some measures can also be taken to reduce pesticide residues according to the characteristics of pesticides. For example, pesticides have the characteristics of natural degradation, and the purpose of reducing pesticide residues can be achieved by extending the storage period of fruits and vegetables; organophosphorus pesticides under alkaline conditions It will decompose, you can use alkaline surface to soak fruits and vegetables; carbamate pesticides degrade faster at high temperature, and reduce pesticide residues by heating; some fruits and vegetables are eaten after peeling, and the pesticide residues will be greatly reduced; at the same time, you can use some special Detergent cleaning is a more effective measure.

People take food as the top priority, and food as the first priority. As consumers pay more and more attention to food safety, traditional planting management methods have encountered unprecedented challenges. It is a wise choice for enterprises to respond rationally and positively. Indeed, many of them Enterprises will face a long period of pain, so be fully prepared, and be convinced that the pain is followed by a new life.

How pesticide residues can reduce harm

First move: Soak.

You can soak the vegetables you bought for a few minutes before rinsing. Or you can soak the vegetables with soda water to neutralize the pesticide toxicity.

Do not use ordinary detergents to wash fruits and vegetables. The chemical ingredients contained in the detergents are easy to remain on the fruits and vegetables, which is not good for human health. the best

The method is to use a professional oxygen machine for cleaning, and the effective removal rate is 98%.

Second trick: Wash vegetables in brine.

Wash the dishes with 5% brine.

Third trick: Peeling.

Vegetables such as cucumbers and eggplants generally use more pesticides. Such vegetables and fruits can be directly peeled and eaten.

The fourth trick: high temperature heating.

High-temperature heating can also decompose pesticides. Some heat-resistant vegetables, such as cauliflower, beans, and celery, are washed and then boiled with boiling water for several minutes, which can reduce the amount of pesticides by 30%. After cooking at high temperature, 90% of pesticides can be removed;

Fifth trick: sunlight.

Sunlight can decompose and destroy some pesticides in vegetables. According to measurements, when vegetables are exposed to the sun for 5 minutes, pesticide residues such as organic chlorine and organic mercury can be reduced by about 60%.

Sixth trick: soak rice in water.

In actual life, rice water is more common, and it is a good recipe for removing pesticide residues. Taomi water is weakly alkaline, which can neutralize pesticide ingredients and weaken the efficacy; the starch contained in Taomi water also has strong stickiness. Therefore, it is simple and convenient to infuse and wash vegetables with rice water, which is easy to implement and has remarkable results.